What Is Hastelloy Scrap and How Are Its Grades Kept Apart?
Hastelloy grades are chosen when a process would eat through almost anything else: boiling hydrochloric acid, wet chlorine, bleach liquors, scrubber condensate full of chlorides and sulfur acids. The family gets there with molybdenum, and in large amounts. That is the first thing to know about Hastelloy scrap: it carries far more molybdenum than any Inconel, so a buyer is paying for two metals, not one.
The four grades split cleanly by purpose. Hastelloy B-2 is nickel with about 28% molybdenum and almost no chromium, made for reducing acids. Hastelloy C-276 and Hastelloy C-22 add chromium and tungsten so they cope with oxidising conditions too; C-276 leans on molybdenum (16%), C-22 on chromium (22%). Hastelloy X is a different animal altogether, a heat-resisting sheet alloy with 18.5% iron used in combustors and furnaces rather than acid plant.
Two further grades have their own pages. Hastelloy B-3 is the more thermally stable successor to B-2, with the same 28% molybdenum. Hastelloy C-2000 pairs 23% chromium and 16% molybdenum with about 1.6% copper and no tungsten, so it must not be mixed into C-276 or C-22 lots.
The rule for lots follows from that. B-2 must stay away from everything with chromium, because a melter making B-2 cannot take chromium out once it is in. C-276 and C-22 look the same, sit in the same plants and differ by several points of chromium and molybdenum, so a piece of one spoils a lot of the other. Hastelloy X should never be offered as a C-alloy: it has half the molybdenum, iron instead of tungsten, and a different set of buyers.
Hastelloy is a registered trademark of Haynes International. On this page it describes scrap of those compositions.
Hastelloy Scrap Grades We Buy and Sell
Hastelloy Chemical Composition
| Grade | Ni | Mo | Cr | Fe | W | Co |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hastelloy B-2 | 69.7 | 28 | 0.8 | 1.5 | – | – |
| Hastelloy C-276 | 58.3 | 16 | 15.5 | 5.5 | 3.8 | 1 |
| Hastelloy C-22 | 58 | 13 | 22 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Hastelloy X | 48.4 | 9 | 22 | 18.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
Nominal weight per cent. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
How to Tell Hastelloy Grades Apart
Hastelloy grades read very differently on XRF, so identification is rarely the problem. The trouble starts when readings are skipped. These are the readings a buyer looks at.
| Check | What it shows for Hastelloy |
|---|---|
| Molybdenum | About 28% means B-2. About 16% means C-276. About 13% means C-22. About 9% means X (or a non-Hastelloy grade such as 625). |
| Chromium | Under 1% confirms B-2. About 15.5% fits C-276, 22% fits C-22 or X. |
| Tungsten | About 3% to 4% is present in C-276 and C-22. X carries well under 1%, B-2 none. |
| Iron | About 18.5% identifies X among the four. The C-alloys read 3% to 5.5%, B-2 under 2%. |
| Overlay and wallpaper | Scrubber linings are often thin C-276 or C-22 sheet seam-welded to carbon steel. Check the back face with a magnet and trim off the steel before describing the lot. |
| Weight in the hand | B-2 is dense (about 9.2 g/cm³) and feels noticeably heavy for its size compared with stainless steel. |
Grades Most Often Confused with Hastelloy
- Inconel 625: shares the chemical plants and about 21.5% chromium, but carries 9% molybdenum with 3.6% niobium and no tungsten.
- Haynes 230: the combustor alloy most often mixed with Hastelloy X; 14% tungsten and only 2% molybdenum against X's 9% molybdenum and 18.5% iron.
- Inconel 617: another combustor sheet alloy with 9% molybdenum, but carrying 12.5% cobalt and about 1% iron.
Chromium Separates C-22 from C-276
22% chromium and 13% molybdenum in C-22, against about 15.5% and 16% in C-276. See C-22 vs C-276.
B-2 Has Almost No Chromium
28% molybdenum and under 1% chromium: nothing else reads like it.
X Has Iron, Not Tungsten
Hastelloy X carries about 18% iron and 9% molybdenum. It sorts closer to Inconel 625 than to the C-alloys, but has no niobium.
Where Hastelloy Scrap Comes From
Hastelloy is expensive to install, so it is used only where it has to be. That keeps scrap sources narrow and fairly easy to trace.
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Plant
Reactors, columns, exchangers, agitators, valves and pumps in C-276 and C-22, plus B-2 from hydrochloric acid service. Rebuilds and plant closures release plate, formed heads and machined parts. See chemical processing scrap.
Flue-Gas Desulfurization
Power and process plant scrubbers use C-276 and C-22 for inlet ducts, dampers and outlet linings, often as thin wallpaper sheet welded over steel.
Pulp Bleach and Chlor-Alkali
Chlorine and chlorine dioxide equipment in C-276 and C-22 is relined or replaced on a cycle.
Gas Turbine Combustors and Furnaces
Hastelloy X sheet goes into combustion liners, transition ducts and furnace hardware, and comes out in turbine hot-section overhauls and furnace rebuilds. See power generation scrap.
Fabrication and Machine Shops
Plate crops, forming trim and turnings from valve bodies, fittings and flanges, usually one grade per job.
Source industries: chemical processing, oil and gas, power generation, aerospace, heat treatment and furnaces.
Comparisons
Hastelloy Scrap Buyer, Importer and Exporter in India
Mipra Steel buys and sells Hastelloy B-2, C-276, C-22 and X scrap from Mumbai, sourcing from chemical, scrubber and turbine users in India and overseas.
Sell Hastelloy Scrap
Selling Hastelloy scrap from a plant shutdown or a fabrication job? Tell us the grade or grades, approximate weights, the form (plate, formed heads, sheet, turnings, machined parts) and the location, with photographs. For scrubber material, say whether the sheet is still attached to steel. Readings showing molybdenum, chromium and tungsten speed things up. We review incoming enquiries and respond with relevant next steps.
Buy Hastelloy Scrap
If you need Hastelloy scrap for a melt, name the grade, the quantity, the forms you can charge and the destination. Producers of B-2 should say what chromium level they can accept. Lots are described by grade and UNS number, and the documents that come with them can be agreed in advance.
Mipra Steel imports and buys Hastelloy scrap in India and exports it: see Hastelloy scrap importer and buyer and Hastelloy scrap exporter from India. Lots are sorted and prepared before dispatch: how we sort and prepare scrap lots. Much of what we buy comes from South India, and our head office is in Khetwadi, Mumbai. For the wider group these alloys belong to, see high nickel alloy scrap.
Preparing Hastelloy Scrap for Sale
- Keep B-2 in its own sealed bags, away from every chromium-bearing alloy.
- Split C-276 from C-22 by reading every piece; do not trust colour or plant drawings alone.
- Strip carbon-steel backing from scrubber wallpaper and linings.
- Clean off process deposits, rubber and plastic linings, and gasket material.
- Pack Hastelloy X with other high-temperature material, not with C-alloys.
- Keep turnings dry and grade-pure in closed drums.
Hastelloy Scrap Price per Kg: What Decides It
Hastelloy scrap price per kg (or per pound, for buyers in the US and Europe) follows molybdenum as closely as it follows nickel. The grades with more molybdenum carry more value, provided the lot is clean and single-grade.
- Molybdenum content: about 28% in B-2, 16% in C-276, 13% in C-22 and 9% in X.
- Tungsten in C-276 and C-22, which is payable to melters who can use it.
- Single-grade lots. A C-276 lot with C-22 in it, or a B-2 lot with any chromium-bearing piece, is worth less than either grade on its own.
- Hastelloy X priced as a high-temperature alloy with significant iron, not on the C-alloy basis.
- Removal of carbon-steel backing, process residue and scale from scrubber and reactor parts.
- Form: solids and plate ahead of sheet; sheet ahead of turnings.
- Lot size, packing and location.
Nickel and molybdenum move on their own schedules, so any Hastelloy offer is good for a set period only. See nickel alloy scrap value for how offers are built.
Hastelloy Scrap Import and Export
Importing Hastelloy Scrap into India
Imported Hastelloy scrap reaches India from European and East Asian chemical clusters and from Gulf refineries, gas plants and power stations with scrubbers. Before loading, an inspection agency examines the cargo and issues a certificate, which joins the invoice, packing list and bill of lading. A packing list that separates B-2, C-276, C-22 and X by weight and quotes UNS numbers prevents disputes on arrival at Nhava Sheva, Mundra or Chennai. See how nickel alloy scrap is imported into India.
Exporting Hastelloy Scrap from India
India's pharmaceutical, agrochemical and chlor-alkali plants, and the fabricators that serve them, release C-276 and C-22 offcuts and retired equipment. For export, each grade is weighed and packed separately, the invoice and packing list carry the grade and UNS number, and material goes in bags, drums or loose in containers. Buyers in Italy, Japan and South Korea are regular destinations, and our Dubai office is close to Gulf suppliers and buyers. See export documents for alloy scrap.
Customs heading: 7503.00 (nickel waste and scrap). Confirm the full national tariff line with your customs broker.
Related Reading
- Hastelloy B-2 vs C-276
- Hastelloy X vs Haynes 230
- How to sell Hastelloy scrap
- Inconel vs Hastelloy
- Nickel alloy scrap
- How to identify Hastelloy scrap
Selling from a plant shutdown? See plant shutdown scrap in India for sorting reactors, exchangers and piping by grade.
Hastelloy Scrap FAQ
Which Hastelloy grade fetches more as scrap, B-2 or C-276?
B-2 normally carries more payable molybdenum, about 28% against 16% in C-276, so on chemistry alone it tends to rate higher. C-276 adds chromium and tungsten. The actual spread depends on the molybdenum and nickel markets and on the condition of each lot.
Can Hastelloy C-276 and C-22 scrap go in one lot?
Better not. They differ by roughly 6 points of chromium and 3 points of molybdenum, so a mixed lot fits neither melt specification and gets valued for the extra handling. Read every piece and pack the two separately. Compare them on C-22 vs C-276.
Is Hastelloy X a corrosion alloy like C-276?
No. Hastelloy X is a high-temperature alloy for combustors and furnaces, with about 18.5% iron and 9% molybdenum and almost no tungsten. Its scrap is valued as heat-resisting alloy, so it should never be packed with C-276, C-22 or B-2.
Does Mipra Steel buy Hastelloy turnings?
Yes, along with solids, plate and sheet. Hastelloy turnings should be one grade, dry and free of oil and carbide tips. Tell us the grade, weight, how the turnings are stored and where they are, with a photograph.
What happens to scrubber wallpaper made of C-276?
It is sold as Hastelloy scrap once the carbon-steel backing has been removed. If the steel cannot be removed, the material is described as attached and valued on the alloy it contains. The scrubber section of Hastelloy grades and uses explains more.
What customs code applies to exported Hastelloy scrap?
Hastelloy is nickel-base, so its scrap is typically entered under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. Countries add their own digits beyond the heading, so confirm the complete line with your customs broker.
What should I send to get a response on a Hastelloy lot?
Send photographs, weights, the grade and any readings together in one message. A complete description lets the lot be assessed on the first pass, while missing details usually mean a round of questions before anything else can happen. Say also whether the material is in India or abroad.
Does Mipra Steel buy Hastelloy scrap outside Mumbai?
Yes. Mipra Steel buys Hastelloy scrap from sellers across India, and much of it comes from South India: Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Chennai, Coimbatore and Visakhapatnam.
Sources and Review
Composition figures on this page are the nominal values from each grade's own page on this site, where the producer datasheet or standard is named in full with the date we checked it. The sources behind the grades shown here are listed below.
- Rolled Alloys, Alloy C-276 data sheet (bulletin 127USe): Hastelloy C-276 Buyer, Importer and Exporter
- Rolled Alloys, HASTELLOY B-2 data sheet (bulletin 303USe): Hastelloy B-2 Buyer, Importer and Exporter
- Rolled Alloys, Alloy C22 data sheet (bulletin 122USe): Hastelloy C-22 Buyer, Importer and Exporter
- Upmet, Alloy X data sheet (AMS 5536, AMS 5754, UNS N06002): Hastelloy X Buyer, Importer and Exporter
- Haynes International, alloy nominal compositions table: Hastelloy B-3 Buyer and Exporter, Hastelloy C-2000 Buyer and Exporter, Haynes 230 Buyer, Importer and Exporter
- Haynes International, HASTELLOY C-4 alloy data sheet (H-2007F, 2023): Hastelloy C-4
- Special Metals Corporation, Product Handbook of High-Performance Nickel Alloys: Inconel 625 Buyer, Importer and Exporter
- Special Metals Corporation, INCONEL alloy 617 (SMC-029, 2005): Inconel 617 Buyer, Importer and Exporter
Published by Mipra Steel, Khetwadi, Mumbai · Last updated