Questions and Answers
1049 answers in one place
Every short answer on this site, gathered by topic. Search for a grade, a form or a term, then open the page the answer came from for the full context.
Topics
What People Ask About
Number of answers in each topic.
Alloys and Grades
Is Inconel 600 magnetic?
No, not at room temperature. A piece of genuine 600 will not hold a magnet, so a strong pull means carbon steel, a ferritic stainless part or a bolted attachment. A magnet only tells you something is wrong; it cannot confirm 600, because most nickel alloys are non-magnetic too.
What is the difference between Inconel 600 and 601 scrap?
601 has more chromium (about 23% against 15.5%), much more iron (about 14% against 8%) and 1.4% aluminium. That leaves 601 with roughly 15 points less nickel, so a buyer treats them as two separate grades. See Inconel 600 vs 601.
Why do buyers worry about 690 in a 600 lot?
Because the two look identical and were often used side by side in steam generators and exchangers. A 690 piece carries about 29% chromium, close to double the 15.5% in 600, so even a small share shifts the melt chemistry. Readings on every piece are the only reliable way to keep them apart.
Can old furnace retorts and muffles be sold as Inconel 600 scrap?
Yes, once attachments and loose refractory are removed. Expect the offer to reflect scale loss and any carburisation from service in carbon-rich atmospheres. A reading on ground metal, rather than on the scale, confirms the grade.
Are thermocouple and heating element sheath offcuts worth anything?
They are, but less than solid 600. The sheath is usually 600, while the inside holds magnesium oxide powder and conductor wires that add weight without adding nickel. Keep them in a separate bag and describe them honestly.
Which HS code covers Inconel 600 scrap?
Being nickel-base, Inconel 600 scrap is typically declared under heading 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. Each country adds its own digits to the national line, so check the full code with your customs broker before shipping.
How do I start selling Inconel 600 scrap to Mipra Steel?
Send the estimated weight, the form (furnace parts, plate, turnings or sheath offcuts), the location and photographs through the sell scrap page. Readings or certificates help, and the more detail you send, the quicker a clear answer comes back.
What is Inconel 600 made of?
Nominally 76% nickel, 15.5% chromium, 8% iron, 0.5% manganese. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Why does Inconel 601 contain aluminium?
The aluminium, about 1.4%, works with chromium to form a dense, tightly adherent oxide scale at high temperature. That scale resists spalling during heating and cooling cycles, which is why 601 outlasts 600 in many furnace jobs. It is also why confirming aluminium matters when selling the scrap.
Can a normal XRF gun identify Inconel 601?
Partly. A standard XRF reads the 23% chromium and 14% iron that separate 601 from 600, but aluminium is a light element that needs a special setting or an OES spark test. Without the aluminium figure, the lot is better described as 601 type than as confirmed 601.
Do warped and scaled furnace parts still sell as 601 scrap?
Yes. Distortion does not change the alloy, and scaled furnace returns are the normal form of 601 scrap. The offer reflects the oxide weight and any carburisation, so stripping loose scale and attachments improves what you are paid.
Is Inconel 601 worth more than 600 as scrap?
Usually not. 601 contains roughly 61% nickel against 76% for 600, and its extra chromium and aluminium add little value in most melts. Furnace returns also lose more weight to scale. Clean 601 offcuts can still compete well when a melt shop needs that chemistry.
How should I pack 601 radiant tubes for shipping?
Cut them to lengths that stack flat in a container, remove any end fittings of a different alloy, and band them into bundles that a forklift can handle. Record the weight of each bundle on the packing list.
What tariff heading do customs use for Inconel 601 scrap?
Nickel predominates in 601, so its scrap is typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. National lines add extra digits; confirm the exact line with a customs broker in both countries.
Who can I contact to buy or sell Inconel 601 scrap in Mumbai?
Mipra Steel in Khetwadi, Mumbai, buys and sells 601 and arranges import and export lots. Use the contact page with the quantity, form, location or destination port, and any readings you have.
What is Inconel 601 made of?
Nominally 61.1% nickel, 23% chromium, 14% iron, 1.4% aluminium, 0.5% manganese. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is Inconel 617 the same as Hastelloy X?
No. They share about 22% chromium and 9% molybdenum and do the same combustor jobs, but 617 has about 12.5% cobalt and only about 1% iron, while Hastelloy X has about 18% iron and little cobalt. A single XRF reading of iron and cobalt separates them.
What is Inconel 617 used for?
Mainly gas turbine combustion cans, liners and transition ducts, catalyst-grid supports in nitric acid plants, hot-gas ducting and high-temperature heat exchangers. It is chosen where creep strength above 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) and oxidation resistance are both needed.
How is 617 scrap different from 625 scrap?
Both carry about 9% molybdenum, but 617 adds about 12.5% cobalt and 1.2% aluminium, while 625 carries about 3.6% niobium and no cobalt. Melt shops treat them as separate grades, so keeping them apart protects both lots.
Can coated combustor cans be sold as Inconel 617 scrap?
Yes, if they are declared as coated. The ceramic thermal barrier and bond coat are not part of the alloy, so buyers allow for them. Mixing coated parts silently into clean sheet is a common reason a 617 lot is downgraded.
Why is Inconel 617 scrap hard to find for sale?
It is a specialised alloy made in far smaller tonnages than 600 or 625, and much of it sits inside turbines and nitric acid plants with long service lives. When parts are retired they are often mixed into general superalloy scrap without anyone reading the cobalt.
Which customs code applies to Inconel 617 scrap?
Nickel is the main element, so 617 scrap is typically declared under HS 7503.00 for nickel waste and scrap, even though it contains cobalt. Confirm the national tariff line with your customs broker.
Does Mipra Steel deal in small lots of 617?
Yes. Send the weight, even if it is modest, with photographs and any readings through the sell scrap page. Small, well-identified 617 lots are often combined with others to make a shipment.
What is Inconel 617 made of?
Nominally 54% nickel, 22% chromium, 12.5% cobalt, 9% molybdenum, 1.2% aluminium, 1% iron, 0.3% titanium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is Inconel 625 scrap worth more than Inconel 600 scrap?
Usually, yes. Both are nickel-chromium alloys, but 625 also carries about 9% molybdenum and 3.6% niobium, which melt shops pay for. Inconel 600 has no molybdenum or niobium and around 8% iron. The final difference depends on the market on the day and on the condition of each lot.
How can I tell if my scrap is Inconel 625 and not 718?
Look at iron and molybdenum on an XRF reading. Inconel 625 reads under 5% iron with about 9% molybdenum. Inconel 718 reads around 18% iron with about 3% molybdenum. Both contain niobium, so niobium alone does not separate them.
Can weld-overlaid or clad 625 be sold as Inconel 625 scrap?
It can be sold, but not as solid 625. Overlay is a thin 625 layer on carbon or low-alloy steel, so it is described as clad or overlaid material and valued on the 625 it contains. Mixing it into a solid 625 lot is a common reason lots are downgraded.
Does Mipra Steel buy Inconel 625 turnings?
Yes. Mipra Steel buys and sells 625 turnings as well as solids and sheet. Turnings should be single-grade, drained of oil and kept dry. Send the weight, location and photographs, and any readings, with your enquiry.
Where is Inconel 625 scrap found in India?
Mainly around fabrication and overlay shops, refineries and chemical plants, power plant scrubber projects and machine shops serving the oil and gas sector. Large volumes also arrive from the Gulf, where offshore fabrication and maintenance release 625 regularly.
Which customs code does Inconel 625 scrap travel under?
Because nickel is its main element, 625 scrap normally goes under heading 7503.00, the nickel waste and scrap line. India and most other countries add more digits after that heading, so ask your broker for the exact eight- or ten-digit line before the shipping bill is filed.
Can you export Inconel 625 scrap from India to the UAE or South Korea?
Yes. Mipra Steel exports described 625 lots and has offices in Dubai and South Korea. Tell us the quantity, form, destination port and timing, and we will respond with relevant next steps.
What is Inconel 625 made of?
Nominally 61.9% nickel, 21.5% chromium, 9% molybdenum, 4% iron, 3.6% niobium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Why did Inconel 690 replace Inconel 600 in steam generators?
Because mill-annealed 600 tubing cracked by stress corrosion in reactor water, forcing many plant owners to replace steam generators early. 690 roughly doubles the chromium to about 29%, and thermally treated 690 tubing has so far not shown that cracking. Replacement units built since the late 1980s mostly use it.
Is scrap from a nuclear power plant safe to buy?
Only when it has been formally released. Plants decontaminate, survey and clear material under their regulator before any of it is sold, and a clearance certificate travels with the lot. Without that document, a buyer should not accept nuclear-origin 690, regardless of its chemistry.
How do I tell Inconel 690 from 600 if both are unmarked?
Read the chromium. 690 shows about 29% and 600 about 15.5%, a gap no handheld XRF will miss. Weight, colour and magnet behaviour are the same for both, so a reading on each piece is the only reliable separation.
Are filler 52 and 152 stubs worth keeping with 690 scrap?
They are close in chemistry, but keep them in a separate, labelled bag. Electrode stubs carry flux coating, and wire ends may come from different classifications. A buyer can then decide whether to combine them after reading a sample.
Is there much Inconel 690 scrap in India?
Some. Indian fabricators of nuclear and chemical plant equipment produce 690 offcuts and turnings, and chemical plants with nitric acid service release used parts at overhauls. Volumes are small next to 600 or 625, so lots are often a few hundred kilograms at a time.
What HS code do I put on an Inconel 690 scrap invoice?
Inconel 690 is nickel-base, so its scrap is typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. The full national line differs by country; your customs broker should confirm it.
Will Mipra Steel quote on a mixed 600 and 690 lot?
Yes, but it will be valued as a mixed nickel-chromium lot unless it can be separated by reading. Send photographs, the weight and any readings, and say whether sorting on site is possible before shipment.
What is Inconel 690 made of?
Nominally 62% nickel, 29% chromium, 9% iron. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
What is the difference between Inconel 706 and Inconel 718 scrap?
The difference is iron, nickel and molybdenum. Inconel 706 carries about 37.5% iron, 42% nickel, 2.9% niobium and no molybdenum. Inconel 718 carries about 18.5% iron, 53% nickel, 5.1% niobium and 3% molybdenum. Both age-harden with niobium, so they look the same, but they are different charge materials and are traded as separate lots.
Where does Inconel 706 scrap usually come from?
Mostly from heavy-duty land gas turbines. Discs, wheels, spacers and shaft sections are retired at major overhauls, and forging houses that make these parts generate flash, crops and test pieces. Machining shops add turnings.
Is Inconel 706 nickel-base or iron-base?
It sits close to the line. Nickel, at about 39% to 44%, is normally the largest single element, with iron making up most of the balance. That is why it is grouped with nickel alloys and traded as nickel alloy scrap, though a melter treats it as an iron-rich nickel source.
Can a whole turbine disc be sold, or must it be cut first?
Whole discs can be offered. Many buyers prefer them cut to a size their furnace takes, and the cost of cutting is reflected in the offer either way. Agree the size with the buyer before cutting, and photograph markings first.
Why are blade roots a problem in a 706 disc lot?
Blades are cast superalloys such as GTD-111, with chemistry very different from 706. Roots left in dovetail slots add elements a 706 melt cannot take, so buyers either deduct for removing them or downgrade the lot.
Which customs heading applies when shipping Inconel 706 scrap?
Typically HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap, because nickel is the main element. National tariff lines add digits, and with iron this high some customs officers ask questions, so confirm the full line with your customs broker and keep readings with the documents.
Does Mipra Steel deal in Inconel 706 turnings as well as discs?
Yes. Mipra Steel trades 706 solids and turnings. Turnings should come from 706 work only, be dry and free of tool tips, and be packed apart from 718. Send the weight, location, photographs and any readings with your enquiry.
What is Inconel 706 made of?
Nominally 41.7% nickel, 37.5% iron, 16% chromium, 2.9% niobium, 1.8% titanium, 0.2% aluminium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Are turbocharger turbine wheels made of Inconel 713C?
Many are, particularly on diesel engines for trucks, locomotives, ships and generators. Some wheels for hotter-running petrol engines and high-output engines are cast in MAR-M 247 instead, which carries about 10% cobalt and 10% tungsten. A quick XRF reading for cobalt and tungsten tells the two apart before the wheels are put into one lot.
Should I cut the shaft off before selling turbo wheels?
It usually pays to. The shaft is alloy steel welded to the wheel, so it adds weight that a superalloy buyer will not pay superalloy rates for. Cutting just on the steel side of the weld leaves a clean wheel that can be described as 713C. If you cannot cut them, say so and give a piece count so the steel can be estimated.
What does "713 low Fe" mean in a scrap offer?
It is a trade description, not a published alloy designation. Sellers use it for 713 lots offered with low iron, and the claim should be backed by analysis supplied with the lot. Buyers who need it should ask for those readings rather than rely on the label. It is not the same thing as 713LC.
What is the difference between 713C and 713LC scrap?
713LC is the low-carbon version of the casting alloy, with slightly lower chromium, molybdenum and aluminium than 713C and less carbon. Both are traded as nickel superalloy revert, but foundries keep them apart because each casting specification has its own limits. A lot should say which one it is and carry heat analyses where available.
Why can a handheld XRF not confirm 713C on its own?
Because aluminium, at about 6% in 713C, is a light element that many handheld units read poorly or not at all in the field. Molybdenum, niobium and chromium readings, together with no cobalt or tungsten, point strongly to 713C. A light-element XRF method, spark OES or a lab analysis confirms the aluminium when a buyer needs it.
Which HS code covers IN-713C scrap shipments?
Being nickel-base, 713C scrap is typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. India and other importing countries add their own national digits under that heading. Check the exact line with your customs broker before the documents are prepared.
Can I sell a few hundred turbocharger wheels to Mipra Steel?
Yes. Mipra Steel buys turbo wheel scrap in lots of many sizes from rebuilders, fleet workshops and traders. Send the piece count, approximate weight, whether shafts are attached, the location and some photographs, and the enquiry can be assessed quickly.
Is IN-713C magnetic?
No. Cast 713C is non-magnetic. If a magnet sticks to a turbo wheel assembly, it is picking up the steel shaft or a steel fragment, which is a useful way to check that a wheel has been cleanly de-shafted. A magnet alone cannot tell 713C from other nickel superalloys.
What is Inconel 713C made of?
Nominally 73.4% nickel, 12.5% chromium, 6.1% aluminium, 4.2% molybdenum, 2% niobium, 1% iron, 0.8% titanium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is Inconel 718 scrap worth more than Inconel 625 scrap?
Usually not. 625 contains more nickel (about 62% against 53%) and about 9% molybdenum, while 718 carries about 18% iron, which adds little value. 718 has more niobium, about 5% against 3.6%, which narrows the gap. The outcome on any day depends on nickel, molybdenum and niobium prices and on the condition of each lot.
How do I separate 718 and 625 turnings that have been mixed?
In practice they cannot be separated economically once mixed as swarf, because the chips look identical. A mixed lot is described and valued as mixed 718/625 turnings. The fix is upstream: separate bins at each machine and a reading on the bar before it is cut.
Why does Inconel 718 contain niobium?
Niobium is what makes 718 strong. During ageing, it forms gamma double prime, a nickel-niobium precipitate that hardens the alloy and gives it high strength up to about 650 °C (1,200 °F). The same niobium is a large part of what a melter values in 718 scrap.
Is Inconel 718 magnetic?
No. Solution-treated and aged 718 is non-magnetic at room temperature. A magnet is still useful on 718 swarf: anything it picks up is likely carbon steel, ferritic stainless or tool fragments that should not be in the lot.
Is there a separate market for aerospace-certified 718 scrap?
Yes, in the sense that traceable, single-grade 718 with certificates and heat numbers is easier to sell to melters who need documented input. The chemistry is the same, but the paperwork reduces a buyer's risk. Keep certificates with the material from the start.
What is the HS code for exporting 718 turnings?
718 is nickel-base, so turnings and solids are typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. The national tariff line differs by country, so confirm the full code with your customs broker before shipping.
Who buys Inconel 718 scrap in India?
Melt shops, traders and exporters handling nickel alloys buy it, mainly as turnings and bar ends. Mipra Steel in Mumbai is one of them: send the form, weight, location, photographs and any readings or certificates, and we will look at the lot.
What does API 6A718 mean on a scrap certificate?
It refers to the API standard for 718 used in oilfield equipment such as wellhead and valve components. Seeing it on a certificate tells a buyer the parts were made from documented 718 to oilfield requirements, which supports the grade description of the scrap.
What is Inconel 718 made of?
Nominally 53% nickel, 19% chromium, 18.5% iron, 5.1% niobium, 3.1% molybdenum, 0.9% titanium, 0.5% aluminium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
What does "IN-939 low Zr" mean?
It is a trade description for IN-939 lots kept low in zirconium for melts that require it. No alloy standard defines a low Zr version of IN-939, so the term carries weight only when the lot comes with analysis showing its zirconium. Buyers should ask for that analysis, and sellers should keep low Zr pieces physically apart from standard IN-939.
Why do melters keep low-zirconium revert separate?
Zirconium is added to superalloys in small, controlled amounts. Too much, especially with boron, raises the risk of hot cracking and brittle phases at grain boundaries. A melter who needs tight zirconium control cannot easily dilute a high-Zr charge, so low-Zr revert is bought and stored as its own material.
How do I tell IN-939 from GTD-222 scrap?
Look at titanium. Both read about 22% to 22.5% chromium and 19% cobalt, but IN-939 carries about 3.7% titanium against roughly 2.3% in GTD-222. Tantalum and aluminium are a little higher in IN-939 too. On used vanes, read a clean, ground spot rather than the coating.
Is IN-939 the same alloy as MGA 2400?
No, though they are close. Both have about 19% cobalt and 3.7% titanium. MGA 2400 has about 19% chromium and 6% tungsten, while IN-939 has about 22.4% chromium and 2% tungsten. Mixing them spoils a lot for buyers who want either one.
Why does IN-939 contain so much chromium?
For hot-corrosion resistance. Gas turbines burning fuels with sulfur, or running in salty marine air, form corrosive deposits on hot-section parts. About 22% chromium lets IN-939 vanes resist that attack far longer than low-chromium blade alloys, which is why it is chosen for vanes in industrial and marine turbines.
Which customs code applies to IN-939 scrap?
Nickel is the largest element in IN-939, so its scrap is typically classified under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap, even with 19% cobalt present. National tariff lines add digits under that heading. Confirm the exact line with your customs broker.
Does Mipra Steel take used, coated vane segments?
Yes. Mipra Steel buys and sells ex-service IN-939 vanes as well as foundry revert. Coated and repaired vanes are described as ex-service material. Send the piece count, weight, turbine source, photographs and any readings, and we will review the lot.
What is IN-939 made of?
Nominally 48.6% nickel, 22.4% chromium, 19% cobalt, 3.7% titanium, 2% tungsten, 1.9% aluminium, 1.4% tantalum, 1% niobium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is "Inconel 825" the same as Incoloy 825?
Yes, in scrap offers they mean the same alloy. The correct name is Incoloy 825 (UNS N08825), because with about 30% iron it belongs to the iron-nickel-chromium Incoloy family. "Inconel 825" is a common trade misnomer. Use the UNS number on invoices to avoid any doubt.
Is Incoloy 825 scrap worth more than stainless steel scrap?
Generally yes. 825 carries about 42% nickel, plus molybdenum and copper, while 316 stainless carries roughly 10% to 14% nickel. Because both are non-magnetic and look alike, 825 lots must be read with XRF to make sure stainless has not been mixed in, which would reduce the value of the whole lot.
How is Incoloy 825 different from Incoloy 925 scrap?
The two are close in nickel, iron, chromium, molybdenum and copper. 925 has about 2.1% titanium and some aluminium so it can be age-hardened, while 825 has about 0.9% titanium. An XRF reading of titanium separates them. They should be traded as different grades.
Does 825 scrap from a pickling line need cleaning before sale?
It helps. Pickling tanks, hooks and coils carry acid residue, scale and sludge that add weight and must be removed before melting. Washed, dry material is easier to inspect and describe, and a buyer does not have to allow for unknown residue in the offer.
Can Incoloy 825 clad plate be sold as 825 scrap?
It can be sold, but as clad material, not as solid 825. The 825 is a layer bonded to carbon or low-alloy steel, so the lot is valued on the 825 it contains. Keep clad offcuts apart from solid 825 and label them clearly.
What HS heading do exporters use for Incoloy 825 scrap?
Although 825 contains about 30% iron, nickel is its largest element, so it is typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. Countries add their own national digits. Your customs broker should confirm the full line before shipment.
How do I sell 825 scrap to Mipra Steel?
Send the form, weight, location, photographs and any readings or mill certificates, and mention whether any of it is clad or from acid service. Mipra Steel buys 825 from plants, fabricators and traders in India and abroad, and also supplies described 825 lots.
What is Incoloy 825 made of?
Nominally 42% nickel, 30.4% iron, 21.5% chromium, 3% molybdenum, 2.3% copper, 0.9% titanium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is Incoloy 925 the same as Inconel 925?
Yes. "Inconel 925" is a widely used trade name, but the alloy is Incoloy 925, UNS N09925, an iron-nickel-chromium alloy with about 28% iron. Scrap invoices should carry the UNS number so that buyers, inspectors and customs all read the same grade.
What is the difference between Incoloy 925 and 825 scrap?
Titanium. 925 carries about 2.1% titanium and a little aluminium, which lets it be age-hardened, while 825 has about 0.9% titanium. Their nickel, iron, chromium, molybdenum and copper are similar, so values are close, but the two are sold as separate grades and should not be mixed.
Why is Incoloy 925 used in sour oil and gas wells?
Because it combines strength with resistance to sulphide stress cracking and stress-corrosion cracking in hydrogen sulphide service. Age-hardening gives it the strength for hangers, valve stems and fasteners, and its properties meet NACE MR0175, which oilfield operators require for sour service.
Can mixed 925 and 718 turnings still be sold?
Yes, but as mixed turnings with a blended description, usually for less than either grade on its own. The chips cannot be separated economically once mixed. Separate bins at each machine are the only reliable answer for shops cutting both alloys.
Is Incoloy 925 the same as Hastelloy C-22?
No. Directory listings sometimes mix them up, but they are unrelated. C-22 is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with about 58% nickel, 13% molybdenum and 3% tungsten. 925 is an iron-nickel-chromium alloy with about 28% iron and 3% molybdenum.
Under which HS code is Incoloy 925 scrap shipped?
As a nickel-base alloy, 925 scrap is typically shipped under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap, with national tariff digits added by each country. Ask your customs broker to confirm the full line for your shipment.
Will Mipra Steel buy small lots of 925 bar ends?
Yes. Mipra Steel buys 925 bar ends, turnings and oilfield parts in small and large quantities. Send the weight, form, location, photographs and any certificates or readings, and mention if more material will follow regularly.
What is Incoloy 925 made of?
Nominally 44% nickel, 27.8% iron, 21% chromium, 3% molybdenum, 2.1% titanium, 1.8% copper, 0.3% aluminium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is Hastelloy B-2 the same as Hastelloy B-3?
No. Both are nickel-molybdenum alloys made for hydrochloric acid, but B-3 (UNS N10675) carries 1% to 3% chromium and iron, while B-2 has under 1% chromium. Melt shops often treat them as close cousins, yet a correctly named lot of either is easier to place than a parcel described only as "B-type".
Why does Hastelloy B-2 corrode in some acid plants?
Because it has almost no chromium to protect it in oxidising conditions. Ferric or cupric salts, which can form when iron or copper is present in a hydrochloric acid system, attack it quickly, as do wet chlorine and hypochlorite. Equipment exposed to those conditions is a common source of B-2 scrap.
Can B-2 scrap be melted with C-276 scrap?
Not without changing the result. B-2 brings about 28% molybdenum and almost no chromium; C-276 brings 16% molybdenum and 15.5% chromium. A mixed lot fits neither specification, so buyers price it as mixed Hastelloy. Keep the two apart from the start.
How heavy is Hastelloy B-2 compared with other Hastelloy grades?
B-2 has a density of about 9.2 g/cm³, against about 8.89 for C-276 and 8.69 for C-22. The difference is small per piece but noticeable on a large vessel, so estimate weight using the B-2 figure and confirm on a weighbridge.
Is Hastelloy B-2 magnetic?
No. B-2 is non-magnetic, as are the C-grades, so a magnet cannot tell them apart. It is still useful for catching carbon-steel attachments. Grade confirmation needs an XRF or OES reading; see how XRF sorts nickel alloys.
Which customs heading applies when shipping B-2 scrap?
Being nickel-base, B-2 scrap is typically entered under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. Each country adds its own digits to that heading, so confirm the complete tariff line with your customs broker before the shipment is booked.
Who buys Hastelloy B-2 scrap in India?
Mipra Steel in Mumbai is one buyer, and we also supply and export B-2 lots. Send the weight, form, location, photographs and any readings or certificates. B-2 tends to move in small parcels, so tell us the real quantity rather than waiting to build a larger one.
What is Hastelloy B-2 made of?
Nominally 69.7% nickel, 28% molybdenum, 1.5% iron, 0.8% chromium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
What is the difference between C-276 and C-22 scrap?
Chromium and molybdenum swap places. C-276 has about 15.5% chromium and 16% molybdenum; C-22 has about 22% chromium and 13% molybdenum. Both carry tungsten, so tungsten alone will not separate them. Buyers want them in separate lots. A fuller comparison is on C-22 vs C-276.
Does Hastelloy C-276 contain tungsten?
Yes, between 3% and 4.5% by specification, nominally about 3.75%. It is the element that most quickly separates C-276 from Inconel 625 and Hastelloy C-4 on an XRF reading, since neither of those carries a meaningful amount.
Can scrubber wallpaper be sold as C-276 scrap?
It can be sold, but as composite material rather than solid C-276. Wallpaper is thin alloy sheet welded over carbon steel, so most of the weight is steel. It is valued on the C-276 it carries, and it must be kept out of solid lots or the whole lot is marked down.
Are C-276 turnings worth buying?
Yes, when they are single-grade, dry and clean. Turnings are a common form of C-276 scrap because many flanges and fittings are machined from it. Oil, moisture and carbide tool tips reduce their value, so buyers ask how they were collected.
Is C-276 scrap magnetic?
No. C-276 is non-magnetic, like 625, C-22 and B-2, so a magnet cannot separate it from them. A magnet does pick out carbon-steel backing and attachments. For grade, use analysis; see XRF sorting of nickel alloys.
What tariff code covers Hastelloy C-276 scrap?
C-276 is a nickel-base alloy, so its scrap is typically classified under HS 7503.00 (nickel waste and scrap). The full national line varies by country, and composite material may raise questions at customs, so check with your broker first.
How do I offer C-276 scrap to Mipra Steel?
Share the weight, form, location and photographs, plus readings or certificates if you have them. Separate solid material, turnings and steel-backed lining before you ask for an offer, since each is priced on its own terms.
Can C-276 scrap be used to make welding wire?
It can go into melts that produce C-276 chemistry, and ERNiCrMo-4 filler wire is C-276 chemistry. Consumable makers are strict about tramp elements, so only clean, single-grade and well documented lots suit that use.
What is Hastelloy C-276 made of?
Nominally 58.3% nickel, 16% molybdenum, 15.5% chromium, 5.5% iron, 3.8% tungsten, 1% cobalt. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is Alloy 22 the same as Hastelloy C-22?
Yes. Alloy 22, Hastelloy C-22, UNS N06022 and W.Nr 2.4602 all describe the same nickel-chromium-molybdenum-tungsten chemistry. Different producers use different names, but for scrap purposes they are one grade and belong in one lot.
Why do pharmaceutical plants use C-22?
Because a multi-product plant meets both oxidising and reducing chemicals, often with chlorides present. C-22's 22% chromium handles the oxidising side and its 13% molybdenum and 3% tungsten handle chlorides, so one alloy covers a wide range of batches.
How can I tell C-22 from C-2000 scrap?
Look for copper and tungsten. C-2000 carries about 1.6% copper and no tungsten, with roughly 23% chromium and 16% molybdenum. C-22 has about 3% tungsten, 13% molybdenum and no deliberate copper. A handheld XRF reading shows the difference quickly.
Should C-22 weld wire go in with C-22 plate?
Usually, yes. Wire classified ERNiCrMo-10 is C-22 chemistry, so clean, dry wire ends can join a C-22 lot. Wire of another classification, such as ERNiCrMo-4 for C-276, belongs with its own grade. Label wire bags so the buyer can see what they contain.
Which HS code is used to ship Hastelloy C-22 scrap?
C-22 scrap is nickel-base, so it typically goes under HS 7503.00 for nickel waste and scrap, with national digits added by each country. Ask your customs broker to confirm the exact line before booking freight.
Can I sell a small quantity of C-22 scrap to Mipra Steel?
Yes. C-22 often comes out of a plant a few items at a time, and Mipra Steel deals with small parcels as well as larger ones. Share the weight, form, location, photographs and any readings, and say whether more material is expected from the same site.
Is Hastelloy C-22 magnetic?
No, it is non-magnetic in normal condition, like the other C-grades. A magnet will not separate it from C-276 but will catch carbon-steel attachments. For more on what a magnet can and cannot show, see magnet testing in scrap sorting.
What is Hastelloy C-22 made of?
Nominally 58% nickel, 22% chromium, 13% molybdenum, 3% iron, 3% tungsten, 1% cobalt. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is Hastelloy X the same as Haynes 230 for scrap purposes?
No. They often sit in the same combustor bin, but Haynes 230 carries about 14% tungsten and very little iron, while Hastelloy X carries about 18.5% iron, 9% molybdenum and well under 1% tungsten. A melter treats them as different feeds, so mixed lots are sorted and priced for the work. See Hastelloy X vs Haynes 230.
Can Hastelloy X be packed with Hastelloy C-276 scrap?
It should not be. The shared trade name hides a large difference: C-276 has about 16% molybdenum and 4% tungsten with low iron, while X has 9% molybdenum and 18.5% iron. One in the other spoils the analysis of both.
Are coated combustor liners still sold as Hastelloy X?
Yes, but described as coated used parts, not as clean X. Thermal barrier coatings and braze repairs reduce the usable metal, so the description and offer reflect them. Clean new trim is a separate, higher category.
What is Hastelloy XR, and does it go with X?
XR is a related grade with a similar base chemistry. Whether it can join an X lot depends on the buyer, so keep it labelled and documented by analysis rather than mixing it in.
Who buys Hastelloy X scrap in India?
Melt shops and alloy producers making heat-resisting nickel alloys and welding consumables, along with traders who consolidate hot-section material for export. Mipra Steel buys and sells Alloy X lots; send the weight, form, location and photographs to start a discussion.
What HS code does Hastelloy X scrap use?
Being nickel-base, it is typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. The national line adds more digits, so confirm it with your customs broker before booking.
Which standards cover Hastelloy X material?
Wrought Hastelloy X is supplied to ASTM B435 for plate and sheet, B572 for bar and B622 for pipe and tube, and to AMS 5536 and AMS 5754 for aerospace use. Certificates quoting these help a scrap lot get described accurately. See ASTM B nickel alloy specifications.
What is Hastelloy X made of?
Nominally 48.4% nickel, 22% chromium, 18.5% iron, 9% molybdenum, 1.5% cobalt, 0.6% tungsten. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is Monel 400 magnetic?
Only slightly, and not consistently. Its Curie point sits near room temperature, so a magnet may catch a piece in a cold store and slide off the same piece on a hot day. A magnet is therefore no use for proving a lot is Monel 400; a chemical reading of nickel, copper and aluminium is.
Why does copper not count against Monel 400 scrap the way it does for Inconel?
Because copper is part of the specification. For a nickel-copper melter, the 31.5% copper in 400 is useful metal. It only becomes a penalty when Monel is sold into a nickel-chromium melt, which is why 400 should never be mixed into Inconel or stainless lots.
Can cupronickel be sold in a Monel 400 lot?
No. 70/30 and 90/10 cupronickel are copper-base alloys and trade as copper scrap. If they are found in a Monel 400 lot, the buyer either re-sorts it at your cost or prices the whole lot down. Check nickel against copper on every condenser tube bundle.
How is Monel 400 scrap told apart from Monel K-500?
Read the aluminium. On K-500 it sits near 2.7%, with titanium near 0.6%, while 400 shows only traces of both. Ordinary handheld XRF struggles with aluminium, so use a light-element XRF or OES. Part type is a hint: shafts and springs are usually K-500. Compare them on Monel 400 vs K-500.
Does Mipra Steel deal in Monel 400 turnings and HF-unit parts?
Yes, Mipra Steel buys and sells both, kept apart. Turnings should be single-grade and drained. Parts from hydrofluoric acid units need the plant's decontamination clearance before anyone will handle them. Send weights, photographs and the location to start.
Which HS code covers Monel 400 scrap?
Nickel is the larger metal by weight, so customs entries for Monel 400 scrap typically use 7503.00 (nickel waste and scrap) rather than a copper heading. Ask your broker to fix the exact eight-digit line.
Do you ship Monel 400 scrap out of India?
Yes. Mipra Steel ships described 400 lots from India and has offices in South Korea and Dubai. Send the tonnage, forms and destination, and we will come back with next steps.
What is Monel 400 made of?
Nominally 66% nickel, 31.5% copper, 1.5% iron, 1% manganese. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is Monel 500 the same as Monel K-500?
Yes. "Monel 500", "K500", "K-500" and "Alloy K-500" all describe the same age-hardenable nickel-copper alloy, UNS N05500, W.Nr 2.4375. Scrap offered under any of these names should be checked for about 2.7% aluminium and 0.6% titanium before it is accepted as K-500.
Why can my XRF not tell K-500 from Monel 400?
Most standard handheld XRF units cannot measure aluminium reliably, and aluminium is the main difference between the two. Titanium at about 0.6% may show and is a useful flag. For a firm answer, use a light-element XRF or spark OES. The side-by-side figures are on Monel 400 vs K-500.
Is Monel K-500 scrap worth more than Monel 400 scrap?
Not by default. Both are priced mainly on nickel and copper, which are present at similar levels. K-500 is only worth more to a buyer who needs its aluminium and titanium, and only when the lot is proven to be K-500 throughout.
Are drill collar and oil-well tool turnings acceptable?
Yes, if they are single-grade and clean. Oilfield turnings often carry heavy cutting oil and broken carbide inserts. Drain them, keep them dry, pick out tool tips and avoid mixing in stainless or steel swarf from the same machine.
Does K-500 lose its grade once it has been heat-treated?
No. Age hardening changes strength, not chemistry. Aged and unaged K-500 scrap have the same composition and trade under the same description. Only the aluminium, titanium, nickel and copper readings matter to a melter.
What is the HS code for Monel K-500 scrap?
Typically 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap, because nickel outweighs copper in the alloy. Eight-digit national lines vary, so let your broker settle the exact entry.
How do I offer Monel K-500 scrap to Mipra Steel?
Share the tonnage, the shape of the material, where it sits, some photos and whatever readings or certificates exist. Mipra Steel buys and sells K-500 shafts, bar ends and turnings, and handles import and export lots, with a reply on what happens next once the details are looked at.
What is Monel K-500 made of?
Nominally 64.9% nickel, 30% copper, 2.7% aluminium, 1% iron, 0.8% manganese, 0.6% titanium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Why does my XRF reading not show Haynes 214 correctly?
Most basic handheld XRF guns cannot measure aluminium, which is the element that defines 214. The reading shows mainly nickel, chromium and a little iron, so the grade library may match it to Inconel 600 or a nickel-chromium alloy. Spark OES or an XRF configured for light elements will show the 4.5% aluminium and settle it.
Are old Haynes 214 furnace belts worth selling?
Yes, they are still around three quarters nickel. Service belts carry scale, ceramic dust and sometimes embrittlement, so they yield less metal than new offcuts and are priced on that basis. Cutting them into lengths, cleaning off loose debris and confirming aluminium by OES all help a buyer make a firmer offer.
Is Haynes 214 the same as Inconel 601?
No. Both use aluminium for oxidation resistance, but 601 has only about 1.4% aluminium with 23% chromium and 14% iron. Haynes 214 has about 4.5% aluminium, 16% chromium and only 3% iron. The iron difference shows up on any XRF, which makes the two easy to separate.
What do I do with honeycomb seals that contain 214?
Declare them as a seal assembly rather than solid 214. The foil honeycomb may be 214, but it is brazed to a backing that is often another alloy, and the braze adds its own elements. Either separate the honeycomb from the backing or sell the assemblies as a described mixed lot with readings from both parts.
Which HS code covers Haynes 214 scrap?
Alloy 214 is nickel-base, so its scrap is typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. The digits after the six-digit heading vary by country, so check the exact tariff line with your customs broker before booking the shipment.
Can Mipra Steel buy a small lot of 214 belts?
Yes, small lots can be discussed. Send the weight, the location, photographs and any aluminium readings. Small batches of 214 are often combined with similar material to make a lot that a melter will take, so clear documentation matters more than size.
Does Haynes 214 rust or pick up a magnet?
It does neither. Alloy 214 is non-magnetic and contains only about 3% iron, so it will not rust like steel. A strongly magnetic piece in a 214 lot is almost certainly a steel fixture or a different alloy and should be pulled out. See magnet testing for scrap sorting.
What is Haynes 214 made of?
Nominally 76.5% nickel, 16% chromium, 4.5% aluminium, 3% iron. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
How do I tell Haynes 230 from Hastelloy X scrap?
Check tungsten and iron. Haynes 230 reads about 14% tungsten and under 3% iron. Hastelloy X reads about 18.5% iron, 9% molybdenum and less than 1% tungsten. Any handheld XRF shows both elements, so the split can be made piece by piece on the shop floor.
Why is Haynes 230 scrap priced above ordinary nickel-chromium scrap?
Because it carries about 14% tungsten in addition to roughly 57% nickel and 22% chromium. Melters making tungsten-bearing alloys can use that tungsten directly. The premium only holds if the lot is clean 230; mixing in Hastelloy X or coated parts without declaring them pulls the offer back down.
Do coated Haynes 230 combustor liners lose value?
They are worth less per kg than clean sheet. Thermal barrier coatings are ceramic, and bond coats bring other elements, so a buyer has to allow for metal lost or contaminated in melting. Liners that have been decoated, or lots where the coating is declared with photographs, are easier to price.
Is Haynes 188 the same as Haynes 230?
No. Both contain about 22% chromium and 14% tungsten and are used in similar combustor parts, but 188 is a cobalt-base alloy with about 22% nickel. Haynes 230 is nickel-base. They are sorted and sold separately, 188 as cobalt alloy scrap and 230 as nickel alloy scrap.
What customs code applies when exporting Haynes 230 scrap?
As a nickel-base alloy, 230 scrap is typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. Importing countries add their own subheadings, so ask your customs broker to confirm the full national line before the shipping documents are prepared.
Will Mipra Steel take mixed combustor scrap that includes 230?
We can discuss it. Send photographs, a rough parts list, weight, location and any readings. A lot where 230, Hastelloy X and cobalt alloys are already separated is described and placed more easily than a mixed bin, so sorting before you send details usually helps.
Can Haynes 230 turnings be sold?
Yes. Turnings from machining 230 bar and plate are traded, though below solids because of oil, moisture and the chance of tool-tip contamination. Keep them single-grade, drained and dry. See common nickel alloy scrap mistakes.
What is Haynes 230 made of?
Nominally 58.7% nickel, 22% chromium, 14% tungsten, 2% molybdenum, 1.5% iron, 1% cobalt, 0.5% manganese, 0.3% aluminium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is Haynes 282 the same as Nimonic C-263?
No, though they are close relatives. Both have about 20% chromium and 2% titanium, but 282 carries about 10% cobalt and 8.5% molybdenum, while C-263 carries about 20% cobalt and 6% molybdenum. A reading for cobalt alone is enough to separate them.
Why is there so little engine-run Haynes 282 scrap?
Because the alloy is relatively new and most parts made from it are still in service. Nearly all 282 scrap today is new material: forging crops, plate and sheet trim, rejected parts, turnings and additive manufacturing waste. Service scrap will grow as those parts reach the end of their lives.
Can additive manufacturing waste in 282 be sold?
Yes. Failed builds, supports and used powder can be sold, but each is described separately. Powder needs sealed containers and a statement of whether it has been through the machine. Build plates are often a different alloy and should be cut off or declared.
Which tariff heading is used for Haynes 282 scrap shipments?
Being nickel-base, 282 scrap is typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. Further digits depend on the importing country, so the full line should be confirmed with a customs broker before the invoice and packing list are finalised.
How do I sell 282 turnings to Mipra Steel?
Send the approximate weight, how often you generate them, the location, photographs and any readings or heat numbers. Turnings should be single-grade, drained and dry. We look at the details and respond with relevant next steps, and regular flows from one plant can be discussed as an ongoing arrangement.
Does 282 scrap need a light-element reading?
For a firm description, yes. A standard XRF shows nickel, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum and titanium, which already separates 282 from most alloys. Confirming the 1.5% aluminium needs spark OES or a light-element XRF, and some melters ask for it before accepting a lot.
What is Haynes 282 made of?
Nominally 57.2% nickel, 20% chromium, 10% cobalt, 8.5% molybdenum, 2.1% titanium, 1.5% aluminium, 0.75% iron. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
What is the difference between Nimonic 75 and Nimonic 80A scrap?
Titanium and aluminium. Nimonic 75 has about 0.4% titanium and almost no aluminium, while 80A has about 2.25% titanium and 1.4% aluminium, which makes it age-hardenable. Both have about 20% chromium on a nickel base, so a reading that shows titanium is needed to tell them apart.
Is Nimonic 75 the same as nichrome wire?
Not quite. Both are about 80% nickel and 20% chromium, but Nimonic 75 has a deliberate titanium addition of about 0.4% and controlled carbon, and is made to aerospace sheet and bar standards. Resistance wire usually has no titanium. Keep them in separate lots, since buyers often want one or the other.
Is Nimonic 75 scrap valuable?
It is valued mainly for its nickel, about 77% of its weight, with some value from chromium. It carries no cobalt or molybdenum, so it sits below the cobalt-bearing Nimonic grades. Clean, low-iron, single-grade lots with readings are placed most easily.
Who would buy used Nimonic 75 thermocouple sheaths?
Melters and traders handling nickel-chromium scrap, provided the contents are declared. Used sheaths hold magnesia insulation and thermocouple wires of different alloys. They are sold either emptied or as a described item with an estimate of the metal fraction.
Under which HS code does Nimonic 75 scrap move?
It is a nickel-base alloy, so its scrap is typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. Countries add further digits of their own, so confirm the exact line with a customs broker at both ends of the shipment.
How can I offer my Nimonic 75 scrap to Mipra Steel?
Send the form, weight, location and photographs, plus readings or certificates if you have them. Small lots from several sources can be discussed together. We review each enquiry and respond with relevant next steps.
What is Nimonic 75 made of?
Nominally 77.1% nickel, 20% chromium, 2.5% iron, 0.4% titanium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is Nimonic 80 the same as Nimonic 80A?
In practice, yes. Nimonic 80 was the original grade and 80A replaced it; 80A is what is made today. Scrap sold as "Nimonic 80" is normally 80A. A reading of about 2.25% titanium and 1.4% aluminium on a nickel-20% chromium base confirms it either way.
How can I tell Nimonic 80A from Nimonic 75?
Check titanium and aluminium. 80A reads about 2.25% titanium and 1.4% aluminium; 75 reads around 0.4% titanium and no deliberate aluminium. Chromium and nickel are close in both. A full comparison is on Nimonic 75 vs 80A.
Can used exhaust valves be sold as Nimonic 80A scrap?
Yes, but describe them correctly. Many large-engine valves have an 80A head on a steel stem, and some have hard-faced seats. They are sold as bimetallic or hard-faced valve scrap and valued on the 80A they contain, unless the stems are cut off first.
Is Nimonic 80A magnetic?
No, it is non-magnetic. If a valve pulls a magnet at the stem end but not at the head, you are looking at a steel stem welded to an 80A head, which is common in large diesel engines.
Does Mipra Steel buy 80A turnings from valve shops?
Yes. Mipra Steel buys and sells Nimonic 80A turnings, as well as forged blanks, bar ends and used valves. Keep turnings single-grade, drained and dry, and tell us the weight and location with photographs.
What customs code is used when shipping Nimonic 80A scrap?
Nickel dominates the analysis, so 80A scrap normally goes under HS 7503.00 for nickel waste and scrap. Each country extends that code, and the broker handling the shipment should confirm the final digits.
Is there a separate trade for Nimonic 80A in India?
Mostly it moves inside nickel alloy scrap trading rather than as its own market. Valve and fastener makers in India generate it steadily, and buyers who reproduce 80A or melt nickel-chromium alloys take it when it is sorted and proven.
What is Nimonic 80A made of?
Nominally 76.1% nickel, 19.5% chromium, 2.3% titanium, 1.4% aluminium, 0.75% iron. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is Nimonic 263 the same as Nimonic C-263?
Yes. Nimonic 263, Nimonic C-263, C263 and Alloy 263 are trade names for one alloy, UNS N07263, W.Nr 2.4650. Whatever name is used on a scrap offer, a reading of about 20% cobalt, 20% chromium and 6% molybdenum is what confirms it.
Why is C-263 scrap worth sorting separately from other Nimonic grades?
Because it carries about 20% cobalt and 6% molybdenum, which Nimonic 75 and 80A do not. Mixed into a nickel-chromium lot, that value is lost and the lot may also become unsuitable for buyers who need low cobalt. Sorted, it suits melters who want both elements.
Can coated combustion liners be sold as C-263 scrap?
Yes, if the coating is declared. Ceramic thermal barrier coatings and hot-face oxide reduce the metal yield, so coated liners are described and valued apart from clean sheet trim. Test the base metal by grinding through the coating.
How do I tell C-263 from Haynes 282 sheet?
Look at cobalt and molybdenum. C-263 reads about 20% cobalt and 5.9% molybdenum; Haynes 282 reads about 10% cobalt and 8.5% molybdenum. Both contain about 2% titanium, so titanium does not separate them.
Does Mipra Steel buy Nimonic 263 trim from fabricators?
Yes. Mipra Steel buys and sells C-263 sheet trim, punchings, rings and ex-service parts. Clean fabrication trim with certificates is the easiest to describe. Send weights, location and photographs, and say whether you can supply material regularly.
Is C-263 scrap classed under the cobalt or nickel tariff heading?
Under nickel, typically. Nickel is the largest element at about 51%, so C-263 scrap usually goes under 7503.00, the nickel waste heading, not the cobalt line 8105.30. Get the full code checked by a broker.
What is Nimonic C-263 made of?
Nominally 51.1% nickel, 20% chromium, 20% cobalt, 5.9% molybdenum, 2.2% titanium, 0.45% aluminium, 0.4% iron. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is Udimet 500 still used?
Mostly in existing equipment. U-500 was an early turbine blade alloy and newer grades replaced it in new designs, but older industrial gas turbines and legacy engines still run with U-500 blades, vanes and discs. That is why its scrap appears in small parcels from overhauls rather than in large regular volumes.
What is the difference between Udimet 500 and René 77?
Both are cobalt-bearing gamma-prime alloys, but U-500 reads about 18.5% cobalt, 18% chromium and 2.9% aluminium, while René 77 reads about 15% cobalt, 14.6% chromium and 4.3% aluminium. A reading of all three elements is needed to separate them reliably.
Is U500 the same as Alloy 500 or Monel 500?
U500 and "Alloy 500" in superalloy trade mean Udimet 500, UNS N07500. "Monel 500" is a different alloy entirely, the nickel-copper Monel K-500 (UNS N05500). Mixing up the names is a common error on scrap offers, so check copper: U-500 has none, Monel K-500 has about 30%.
Can coated Udimet 500 blades be sold?
Yes. Most ex-service blades and vanes carry a protective coating and some oxide. They are sold as coated or ex-service U-500 and valued on their yield, separately from clean revert. Remove any attached parts made of other alloys first.
How do I sell a small parcel of U-500 to Mipra Steel?
Send the piece count or weight, the engine type, photographs and any readings. Mipra Steel buys and sells U-500 in small and larger parcels and can discuss combining material where that makes sense. We look at each enquiry and come back with what happens next.
Which HS code applies to Udimet 500 scrap?
Nickel is the largest element, at about 54%, which typically places U-500 scrap in heading 7503.00 for nickel waste rather than the cobalt heading. A customs broker should confirm the national digits.
What is Udimet 500 made of?
Nominally 53.7% nickel, 18.5% cobalt, 18% chromium, 4% molybdenum, 2.9% titanium, 2.9% aluminium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
How much rhenium does René N5 contain?
About 3% by weight, which is roughly 30 kg of rhenium in every tonne of alloy. N5 also carries about 6.5% tantalum and 5% tungsten. The actual figure in a scrap lot depends on how well it has been kept apart from rhenium-free alloys, which is why buyers ask for a laboratory analysis before agreeing a price.
Why can a handheld XRF not prove rhenium in N5 blades?
Because rhenium's X-ray lines sit close to those of tantalum and tungsten, which N5 also contains. A handheld gun can suggest that rhenium is present, but the figure is not reliable enough to price a lot on. Laboratory methods such as OES, ICP or XRF on a prepared sample give the number buyers accept. See XRF, OES and lab analysis compared.
Is N5 casting revert worth more than used N5 blades?
Usually yes. Foundry revert is uncoated, traceable to a heat and free of service damage, so a melt shop can reuse it directly. Ex-service blades carry coatings, oxidation, braze and sometimes core residue, and often arrive mixed with other alloys. They still contain the rhenium, but more of their value depends on sorting and recovery.
Do coated René N5 blades have to be stripped before sale?
No, coated blades can be sold as they are, but they must be declared as coated and are valued with the coating allowed for. Platinum aluminide and MCrAlY bond coats, and zirconia ceramic topcoats, are not part of the N5 chemistry. A melter wanting direct revert will want them removed; a rhenium recovery buyer may not.
What happens if René N5 gets mixed with René N500?
The lot loses its clean description in both directions. N500 has the same family make-up without rhenium, so it cannot be told apart by eye or by most handheld readings. Mixed material ends up priced on an averaged, tested rhenium figure, and neither melter can use it as straight revert.
Does Mipra Steel deal in rhenium-bearing turbine blade scrap?
Yes. Mipra Steel buys and sells rhenium-bearing superalloy scrap, including René N5 revert and ex-service blades, and handles imports and exports. Send the form, weight, coating status, photographs and any analysis, and we will reply with next steps.
Which customs code covers René N5 scrap?
N5 is nickel-base, so it is typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap, even though its rhenium is the main value. Some countries split the heading further at national level. Your customs broker should confirm the full line for the destination.
Is René N5 used in industrial gas turbines as well as jet engines?
Yes, though aero engines are its main home. GE material papers describe N5 giving a clear creep-strength gain over directionally solidified GTD-111 in land-based turbines, and some industrial and aero-derivative machines use it in the hottest blade rows. Most N5 scrap still comes from aero engine overhaul and blade foundries.
What is René N5 made of?
Nominally 63.2% nickel, 7.5% cobalt, 7% chromium, 6.5% tantalum, 6.2% aluminium, 5% tungsten, 3% rhenium, 1.5% molybdenum, 0.15% hafnium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is René 108 the same as MAR-M 247?
Not by name, but the chemistries are very close. René 108 carries 9.5% tungsten and cobalt, 8.4% chromium and 1.5% hafnium; MAR-M 247 has 10% tungsten and cobalt, 8.25% chromium and the same hafnium. A handheld reading cannot reliably separate them, so scrap is named from heat records or part numbers.
Why does René 108 contain hafnium?
Hafnium helps the alloy survive directional solidification without hot tearing. It changes how the last liquid freezes between the long columnar grains, which reduces cracking in the casting. That is why DS blade alloys of this family carry about 1.5% hafnium, while single-crystal alloys need much less.
Can I sell René 108 blades without certificates?
Yes, but they will be described by what the readings show rather than by the René 108 name. Without heat records or part numbers, the lot is usually traded as MAR-M 247 type DS revert. That is still a sought-after material; it just cannot be sold to a buyer who specifically requires certified René 108.
How do I know if a blade is directionally solidified?
Look for long grains running from root to tip after light etching, or on a weathered surface. An equiaxed casting shows a random, speckled grain pattern, and a single crystal shows none. The grain structure tells you the casting route, which narrows the alloy list but does not name the alloy.
Does Mipra Steel buy René 108 casting returns from foundries?
Yes. Mipra Steel buys and sells René 108 casting returns, rejected castings and service parts. Foundry returns with heat records are the easiest to describe. Send the weight, form, location, photographs and any certificates.
Which HS code fits René 108 scrap?
René 108 is a nickel-base alloy, so its scrap is typically entered under HS 7503.00, the heading for nickel waste and scrap. Countries add their own subheading digits, so confirm the full code with your customs broker before shipping.
Does René 108 contain rhenium?
No. René 108 is a rhenium-free DS alloy. Its value comes from tungsten, tantalum, cobalt, hafnium and nickel. Lots should still be kept apart from rhenium-bearing single-crystal scrap such as René N5, because a stray rhenium blade in a 108 lot is a contamination problem for the melter.
What is René 108 made of?
Nominally 61.4% nickel, 9.5% cobalt, 9.5% tungsten, 8.4% chromium, 5.5% aluminium, 3% tantalum, 1.5% hafnium, 0.7% titanium, 0.5% molybdenum. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is René 125 the same as René 108?
No. Both contain about 1.5% hafnium, but René 108 runs at roughly 9.5% tungsten with low titanium (0.7%) and molybdenum (0.5%). René 125 has about 7% tungsten, 2.5% titanium and 2% molybdenum. On a handheld reading that difference is usually large enough to separate them.
Why does René 125 contain hafnium?
Hafnium at about 1.5% strengthens grain boundaries and improves castability, helping thin, cored blade walls fill without hot tearing. For a scrap buyer, it is also a handy marker: a clear hafnium reading quickly moves René 125 out of the René 80 group.
How much better is René 125 than René 80?
A 1975 technical paper on René 125 reported about 60°F (roughly 33°C) more temperature capability than René 80, which was then GE's production blade alloy. The gain comes from more aluminium, plus tantalum, tungsten and hafnium, with less chromium.
Can René 125 scrap be sold without certificates?
Yes, but usually under a broader description such as hafnium-bearing blade revert, backed by readings on the pieces. Selling it as René 125 by name needs part numbers or heat records, because René 108 and MAR-M 247 type alloys read close to it.
Does ceramic core inside blades affect the price?
It does. Core ceramic adds weight that is not metal and can contaminate a melt, so buyers either deduct for it or ask for it to be removed. Knocking out loose core before weighing gives a cleaner lot and fewer arguments.
Which customs heading applies when shipping René 125 scrap?
Being nickel-base, it is typically declared under HS 7503.00, the heading for nickel waste and scrap. Importing and exporting countries add their own digits, so check the full line with your customs broker.
How do I start a sale of René 125 scrap with Mipra Steel?
Send weight, piece count, condition and location, along with photographs and any part numbers or readings. Single boxes of blades and larger revert lots are both considered, and the lot description is agreed before any offer.
What is René 125 made of?
Nominally 59.5% nickel, 10% cobalt, 8.9% chromium, 7% tungsten, 4.8% aluminium, 3.8% tantalum, 2.5% titanium, 2% molybdenum, 1.5% hafnium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is René 77 the same alloy as Udimet 700?
They are close in composition, which is why both names appear in similar applications, but they are separate designations. Udimet 700 is usually quoted with more cobalt, around 18.5%, against about 15% for René 77. A lot should be described from records where possible, with readings as support.
Does René 77 scrap contain tungsten?
No, not in its nominal chemistry. René 77 carries cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, aluminium and titanium with a nickel base. A reading with several percent tungsten means the part is another alloy, such as René 80, or the lot is mixed.
Can a whole René 77 turbine wheel be sold as scrap?
Yes. Whole wheels and integral rotors are sold by weight once attached hardware is removed. Buyers want photographs, the engine or turbine model, and a reading on a clean face, since wheels are not always stamped with the alloy.
Why is René 77 scrap valued differently from René 80?
Both carry nickel and cobalt, but René 77 has more cobalt (about 15% against 9.5%) and no tungsten, while René 80 carries 4% tungsten and more titanium. The two suit different melts, so mixing them lowers what either can fetch.
What is the density of René 77?
About 7.91 g/cm³. That is lighter than many tungsten-bearing blade alloys, which helps when estimating the weight of large wheels from their dimensions, though a weighbridge figure is always what the lot is traded on.
What tariff code is used for René 77 scrap?
Being a nickel-base alloy, René 77 scrap is typically declared under HS 7503.00, which covers nickel waste and scrap. The full national code varies by country, so confirm it with your customs broker.
Will Mipra Steel look at a single René 77 wheel?
Yes. A single wheel, a set of blades or a container of revert can all be discussed. Share the weight, photographs, location and any readings, and say whether the part is cast or wrought if you know.
What is René 77 made of?
Nominally 58.6% nickel, 15% cobalt, 14.6% chromium, 4.3% aluminium, 4.2% molybdenum, 3.3% titanium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is GTD-111 just another name for René 80?
No. They are close, but GTD-111 contains about 2.8% tantalum and only around 1.5% molybdenum, while René 80 has essentially no tantalum and about 4% molybdenum. Lots of each should be kept and described separately.
Why is low-zirconium René 80 kept separate?
Because a melter who has to meet a tight zirconium limit cannot easily take zirconium back out of a charge. René 80 revert documented as low in zirconium lets that melter use it safely, so it is stored and sold apart from standard material.
What zirconium level counts as René 80 low Zr?
There is no published definition. "Low Zr" and "LZR" are trade descriptions, and the buyer's own limit decides whether a lot qualifies. What matters is an analysis of the lot, ideally an OES or laboratory result or the foundry heat certificate, not the label.
How is René 80 different from IN-738?
IN-738 runs higher in chromium, about 16%, with lower titanium (around 3.4%) and additions of tantalum and niobium. René 80 has 14% chromium, 5% titanium and no tantalum or niobium. Both are equiaxed blade alloys, but they should not share a lot.
Where does René 80 scrap come from in the Gulf and India?
Mainly from gas turbine blade and vane replacements at power stations and from aero engine overhaul, plus imports of foundry revert. Power-station outages often release René 80 alongside GTD-111, so separation by tantalum reading is the first job.
Which HS code covers René 80 scrap?
Typically HS 7503.00, the nickel waste and scrap heading, because nickel is the main element in René 80. Each customs tariff then adds its own subheading digits, so ask your broker for the exact line on every shipment.
Can Mipra Steel take mixed René 80 and GTD-111 blades?
We can discuss them, but separated lots get a clearer description. If the blades are already mixed, send photographs, part numbers and readings showing tantalum, and we can talk through how the lot should be described.
What is the density of René 80?
About 8.16 g/cm³. This is useful for estimating weight from blade dimensions or drum volume, but trading is always settled on the weighed figure at loading or delivery.
What is René 80 made of?
Nominally 60.5% nickel, 14% chromium, 9.5% cobalt, 5% titanium, 4% molybdenum, 4% tungsten, 3% aluminium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Does MAR-M 246 contain hafnium?
No. Standard MAR-M 246 carries no hafnium, and that is how it is separated from MAR-M 247, which has about 1.5%. If an analyser shows hafnium on a piece sold as 246, treat the piece as 247 or a related alloy until proven otherwise.
What are 246C and 246 LC?
They are names the scrap trade uses for certain MAR-M 246 lots, but no published standard defines either of them. A buyer will accept such a lot on the analysis that comes with it, not on the suffix. Ask for the readings or laboratory result behind the name.
Can MAR-M 246 and MAR-M 247 scrap be sold together?
They can, but the mixture is then neither grade, and it usually sells as general superalloy scrap at a lower figure than either single-grade lot. Sorting by hafnium with an analyser before sale normally recovers more than it costs.
Why do buyers ask about molybdenum in a 246 lot?
Because molybdenum is one of the two minor elements that separate it from 247. Genuine 246 reads about 2.5% molybdenum; a reading under 1% suggests 247 or René 108 has found its way into the parcel.
How do I sell MAR-M 246 turbine wheels to Mipra Steel?
Send photographs of the wheels, the number of pieces and total weight, their location and any part numbers or readings. Remove steel hardware first if you can, and say whether the wheels are new rejects or ex-service, since that changes how they are described.
What HS code applies to MAR-M 246 scrap?
It is a nickel-base alloy, so its scrap is typically entered under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. Countries add their own digits to that heading, which your customs broker should confirm for the specific shipment.
Is MAR-M 246 scrap magnetic?
No. MAR-M 246 is non-magnetic, as are most nickel superalloys, so a magnet cannot separate it from 247, René alloys or IN-713C. Only an analyser or laboratory result can do that. See what the magnet test can and cannot show.
What is MAR-M 246 made of?
Nominally 60% nickel, 10% tungsten, 10% cobalt, 9% chromium, 5.5% aluminium, 2.5% molybdenum, 1.5% tantalum, 1.5% titanium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is MAR-M 247 the same as CM 247 LC?
No, they are related but different alloys. CM 247 LC was derived from MAR-M 247 for directionally solidified blades with thin walls. It carries about 0.07% carbon against 0.15%, with lower titanium and zirconium and slightly less hafnium. Melters making one may not accept the other, so the two should be kept and described separately, backed by OES or laboratory analysis.
What does 247C mean on a scrap lot?
There is no published definition of 247C. It is a name the trade uses for some MAR-M 247 lots, and the safe way to treat it is as a label only. What matters to a buyer is the analysis behind the lot: hafnium, tantalum, tungsten and cobalt in the 247 range, and carbon if the buyer specifies it.
Why does MAR-M 247 contain hafnium?
Hafnium was added to improve intermediate-temperature ductility in cast parts and to reduce grain-boundary cracking when blades are directionally solidified. It is the main chemical difference between MAR-M 247 and MAR-M 246, and it is the element a buyer checks first when a lot is offered as 247.
Can coated ex-service 247 blades be sold as MAR-M 247 scrap?
Yes, but as engine-run blades, not as revert. The coating and any oxidation are not 247 chemistry, and hollow blades may still contain ceramic core. Those lots are valued on the metal they actually contain and kept apart from clean foundry returns.
Who buys MAR-M 247 scrap from India?
Vacuum investment foundries, superalloy remelt houses and alloy producers abroad, along with traders who supply them. Mipra Steel trades 247 lots from Mumbai and through its Dubai and South Korea offices. Send the form, weight, location and photographs, and we review incoming enquiries and respond with relevant next steps.
Under which HS code does MAR-M 247 scrap ship?
Because MAR-M 247 is nickel-base, its scrap is typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. The national tariff line adds further digits, so check the exact line with a customs broker in the importing country before the shipment leaves.
Is MAR-M 247 scrap worth more than René 80 scrap?
It usually carries more value per kg because of its higher tungsten and its tantalum and hafnium, which René 80 does not contain. The real gap on any day depends on tungsten, cobalt and tantalum prices and on the condition and certainty of each lot. See the René 80 scrap page for that grade's chemistry.
What is MAR-M 247 made of?
Nominally 60.1% nickel, 10% tungsten, 10% cobalt, 8.3% chromium, 5.5% aluminium, 3% tantalum, 1.5% hafnium, 1% titanium, 0.7% molybdenum. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Why is MAR-M 509 called MAR-M if it is a cobalt alloy?
MAR-M is a family name for cast alloys, not a statement about the base metal. MAR-M 246 and MAR-M 247 in the same family are nickel-base, while 509 is cobalt-base with about 55% cobalt. In scrap, the base metal matters far more than the family name.
Can MAR-M 509 be sold as ECY-768?
Only if the analysis supports it, and usually it does not. The two are almost identical except zirconium: about 0.5% in MAR-M 509 against 0.05% or less in ECY-768. Some buyers accept either for their melt and list them together, but the lot should still be described by what the analysis shows.
What gives MAR-M 509 its strength at high temperature?
Carbides. About 0.6% carbon forms carbides with tantalum, zirconium, titanium and chromium in the cobalt matrix. That is a different mechanism from the gamma prime strengthening of nickel superalloys like MAR-M 247, and it suits static parts such as nozzle guide vanes.
Is MAR-M 509 scrap worth more than nickel superalloy scrap?
Often, yes, because cobalt is its main element. The comparison depends on cobalt, nickel, tungsten and tantalum prices on the day, and on how clean and well documented each lot is. A mixed lot of 509 with nickel alloys is usually worth less than either kept separate.
Which customs code covers MAR-M 509 scrap?
Being cobalt-base, MAR-M 509 scrap is typically classified under HS 8105.30, cobalt waste and scrap, rather than 7503.00 for nickel. Your customs broker should confirm the full national line for the destination.
Does Mipra Steel buy used MAR-M 509 nozzle guide vanes?
Yes, Mipra Steel buys and sells ex-service 509 vane segments as well as foundry revert. Send photographs, piece count, weight, location and any readings or part records. We review incoming enquiries and respond with relevant next steps.
What is MAR-M 509 made of?
Nominally 54.7% cobalt, 23.5% chromium, 10% nickel, 7% tungsten, 3.5% tantalum, 0.6% carbon, 0.5% zirconium, 0.2% titanium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Does René N500 contain any rhenium?
No. N500 was designed without rhenium, which is the main thing that separates it from René N5 at about 3%. In scrap, though, "no rhenium" has to be proven, because N500 and N5 are easily confused. Buyers rely on a laboratory analysis rather than a handheld reading to confirm it.
Is René N500 scrap worth less than René N5 scrap?
Generally, yes, because it carries no rhenium, and rhenium is the element that sets N5's value. N500 is still a valuable superalloy: it carries about 6.5% tantalum and 6.25% tungsten in a nickel base. Its worth depends heavily on being clean, rhenium-free revert that a melter can reuse directly.
Why would a turbine maker develop a blade alloy without rhenium?
To reduce dependence on a scarce element. Rhenium supply is small and its price has moved sharply in the past, so turbine makers have explored alloys with less or no rhenium. N500 keeps the single-crystal design and leans on tantalum, tungsten and aluminium for strength instead.
Can N500 revert go into an N5 melt?
Only under the melter's control. Adding rhenium-free N500 to an N5 charge lowers the rhenium content, so the foundry would have to make that up with fresh rhenium. In practice, revert buyers want each alloy kept in its own lot and decide any blending themselves, based on analysis.
How should I describe N500 on a sales enquiry to Mipra Steel?
Name the alloy, its form (casting returns, rejected castings or service blades), the weight and whether it is coated. Mention any rhenium analysis and how the material has been stored. Mipra Steel buys and sells N500 and will respond with next steps once it has these details.
What tariff heading applies to N500 blade scrap?
As a nickel-base alloy, N500 is typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. The national digits that follow differ between countries, so ask your customs broker to confirm the exact line before the shipment is booked.
Is René N500 the same as PWA 1483?
No. Both are rhenium-free single-crystal alloys, but PWA 1483 is a Pratt & Whitney grade with about 12.2% chromium and 4.1% titanium for hot-corrosion resistance. N500 has about 6% chromium, no titanium and more tantalum and tungsten. A reading on chromium and titanium separates them.
What is René N500 made of?
Nominally 65.9% nickel, 7.5% cobalt, 6.5% tantalum, 6.3% aluminium, 6.3% tungsten, 6% chromium, 1.5% molybdenum, 0.15% hafnium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
What is C1023 alloy?
C1023 is a cast, gamma-prime strengthened nickel superalloy used for static aero-engine parts such as nozzle guide vanes, seal segments and casings. Nominally it has about 15.5% chromium, 9.7% cobalt, 8.3% molybdenum, 4.1% aluminium and 3.6% titanium, with no tungsten, tantalum or niobium.
Does C1023 have a UNS number or ASTM specification?
No UNS number, Werkstoff number or open ASTM or AMS material specification is published for C1023. It is made to engine-maker specifications. That is why scrap lots are described by name and backed with an analysis rather than a standard reference.
How is C1023 different from René 80?
Molybdenum and tungsten separate them. C1023 reads about 8.3% molybdenum and no tungsten; René 80 reads about 4% of each, with titanium near 5% against about 3.6% in C1023. Cobalt is close in both, so it does not help.
Why do C1023 vanes get scrapped rather than repaired?
The alloy is described as difficult to weld, repair or machine as cast. Damaged or out-of-tolerance vanes and segments are therefore often scrapped, which is one reason ex-service and rejected C1023 castings reach the market as scrap.
Can Mipra Steel take C1023 foundry revert?
Yes. Mipra Steel buys and sells C1023 gates, risers, rejected castings, swarf and ex-service vanes. Share the weight, form, location and any melt analyses, and keep the material apart from other vane alloys.
What tariff heading is used for C1023 scrap?
Nickel is the base, so the usual heading is HS 7503.00 for nickel waste and scrap. Add the alloy name and an analysis to the documents because there is no UNS number, and confirm the full national line with a customs broker.
What does it mean that C1023 is equiaxed?
It is cast so that grains form in all directions, not as directionally solidified or single crystal parts. Equiaxed casting suits large static parts like vane rings and casings. For scrap, it simply tells you the material is conventionally cast revert or castings, not single-crystal blade alloy.
What is C1023 made of?
Nominally 58.7% nickel, 15.5% chromium, 9.7% cobalt, 8.3% molybdenum, 4.1% aluminium, 3.6% titanium, 0.15% carbon. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Does PWA 1483 contain rhenium?
No. PWA 1483 is a rhenium-free single-crystal alloy. Its value comes from nickel, about 9% cobalt, 5% tantalum and 3.8% tungsten. If a lot labelled PWA 1483 shows rhenium on a reading, it contains another alloy, most likely an aero single-crystal grade such as PWA 1484.
Why does PWA 1483 have so much more chromium than PWA 1484?
Because it was developed for industrial and marine gas turbines, where hot corrosion from sulfur and salts is a bigger threat than in aero engines. About 12.2% chromium gives that resistance. PWA 1484 uses about 5% chromium and adds rhenium for creep strength instead.
Is PWA 1483 scrap worth less than PWA 1484 scrap?
Usually, yes, because PWA 1484 carries about 3% rhenium and more tantalum. PWA 1483 is still a valuable nickel-cobalt-tantalum alloy, and a clean, single-grade lot is priced well above mixed blade scrap. The gap on any day depends on rhenium and tantalum markets.
How can I tell a single-crystal PWA 1483 blade from an equiaxed industrial blade?
A light macro-etch shows it. Equiaxed blades show many small grains and directionally solidified blades show long grains running along the airfoil, while a single-crystal blade shows none. The chemistry also differs: PWA 1483 reads about 12.2% chromium and 5% tantalum.
What tariff heading applies when shipping PWA 1483 scrap?
PWA 1483 is a nickel-base alloy, so its scrap typically goes under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. The national line has further digits and can differ by country. Your customs broker should confirm it before shipment.
Who can I contact in India to sell PWA 1483 turbine blades?
Mipra Steel in Mumbai buys PWA 1483 blades and revert from operators, overhaul shops and traders. Send the piece count, weight, coating condition, photographs and turbine details through the enquiry form.
Can PWA 1483 be mixed with other rhenium-free single-crystal scrap?
It should not be. Rhenium-free single-crystal alloys differ in chromium, titanium and tantalum, and a melt shop needs to know which one it is charging. Mixed rhenium-free blades are sold as mixed superalloy, at a lower value than a named grade.
What is PWA 1483 made of?
Nominally 60.3% nickel, 12.2% chromium, 9% cobalt, 5% tantalum, 4.1% titanium, 3.8% tungsten, 3.6% aluminium, 1.9% molybdenum, 0.07% carbon. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
How much rhenium is in PWA 1484?
About 3% by weight, the level that defines a second-generation single-crystal superalloy. That is roughly 30 kg of rhenium per tonne of clean metal. Actual content in a scrap lot depends on how much coating, core residue or foreign material is present, which is why buyers ask for readings on the base alloy.
Is PWA 1484 the same as CMSX-4 or René N5?
No. All three carry about 3% rhenium, but PWA 1484 has no titanium and about 8.7% tantalum. CMSX-4 carries about 1% titanium and 6.5% tantalum. René N5 has about 7% chromium and 7.5% cobalt against 5% and 10% in PWA 1484. A single-crystal remelt needs the right one.
Why should rhenium blades never go into a mixed superalloy lot?
Because the rhenium stops being paid for. In a mixed lot it is diluted to a fraction of a percent, too low for a rhenium-alloy melt and of no use to a rhenium-free one. Kept as a single grade, PWA 1484 is valued on its full rhenium and tantalum content.
Does the coating on retired PWA 1484 blades lower the value?
It can. Aluminide, platinum-aluminide and MCrAlY coatings add elements a single-crystal melt has to control. Buyers either want blades stripped or allow for the coating in their offer. Say whether blades are coated or stripped when you enquire.
Can PWA 1484 revert be recycled back into new castings?
Clean single-crystal revert with known heat history is the form most suited to remelting into new master alloy, subject to the caster's own rules on revert use. Ex-service blades and grinding residue more often go to rhenium recovery or to other superalloy melts.
What HS code do importers use for PWA 1484 scrap?
It is nickel-base, so it is typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. India and other countries add national digits. Confirm the exact tariff line with your customs broker before booking.
Can I sell a small quantity of PWA 1484 blades to Mipra Steel?
Yes. Rhenium-bearing blades are worth keeping and selling even in small quantities, provided they are kept as one grade. Send the piece count, weight, coating condition, photographs and any part numbers or readings.
What is PWA 1484 made of?
Nominally 59.8% nickel, 10% cobalt, 8.7% tantalum, 5.9% tungsten, 5.7% aluminium, 5% chromium, 3% rhenium, 1.9% molybdenum, 0.1% hafnium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is F75 the same as CoCrMo?
F75 is one specific CoCrMo alloy: the cast cobalt-28 chromium-6 molybdenum alloy defined by ASTM F75 for surgical implants, UNS R30075. People use "CoCrMo" more loosely, so a lot described only as CoCrMo should be backed by an analysis showing the F75 ranges.
Is cobalt chrome moly scrap valuable?
Yes. Cobalt makes up about two-thirds of F75, and cobalt carries a substantial price of its own, with molybdenum adding to it. The actual value of a lot depends on the cobalt market on the day, the form of the scrap and how free it is of nickel, iron and other contamination.
Can F75 scrap be mixed with MAR-M 509 or other cobalt alloys?
It should not be. MAR-M 509 and similar vane alloys carry around 10% nickel and 7% tungsten with no molybdenum, while F75 is defined by very low nickel and tungsten and about 6% molybdenum. A blended lot suits neither use and is valued as general cobalt alloy scrap.
Does Mipra Steel accept used implants as scrap?
Mipra Steel trades F75 manufacturing scrap such as casting revert, rejected castings, offcuts and swarf. For anything else, describe the material in detail, with weight, location and photographs, and we review incoming enquiries and respond with relevant next steps.
What HS code does F75 cobalt alloy scrap use?
F75 is cobalt-base, so its scrap is typically declared under HS 8105.30, cobalt waste and scrap. Confirm the national tariff line with a customs broker, as countries add further digits.
How is F75 different from cobalt vane alloys?
F75 relies on molybdenum and very low nickel, iron and tungsten, because it was designed for implant castings. Vane alloys such as ECY-768 and MAR-M 509 carry nickel, tungsten and tantalum for strength in hot gas. An XRF reading of molybdenum and nickel separates them quickly.
What is the density of F75 alloy?
About 8.4 g/cm³. That is lower than MAR-M 509 at about 8.86 g/cm³, which reflects F75's lack of tungsten and tantalum. Density alone is not enough to identify a piece, so analysis remains the basis for describing a lot.
What is F75 Co-Cr-Mo made of?
Nominally 66% cobalt, 28% chromium, 6% molybdenum. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is ECY-768 the same as MAR-M 509?
Not quite. The chemistry is almost the same, but ECY-768 holds zirconium at 0.05% or less while MAR-M 509 carries about 0.5%. That difference was introduced to reduce casting surface problems. For a melter who accepts both, they are often traded together as "ECY768 or MarM509".
Can a handheld XRF tell ECY-768 from MAR-M 509?
Sometimes, but it should not be relied on alone. Zirconium at the levels involved is hard to read accurately on rough, coated vane surfaces. OES or a laboratory analysis on a prepared sample is the safer basis for describing a lot as one or the other.
Where does ECY-768 scrap come from?
Mainly from industrial gas turbine overhauls, when vane segments are replaced or rejected by repair shops, and from investment foundries that cast the vanes. The alloy was developed for land-based combustion turbines, so aero-engine parcels are a less likely place to find it.
What HS code should be used for ECY-768 scrap?
Being a cobalt-base alloy, its scrap is typically entered under HS 8105.30, cobalt waste and scrap, not the nickel scrap heading. National tariff lines differ, so confirm the full code with a customs broker before shipping.
Is ECY-768 scrap worth the same as MAR-M 509 scrap?
Close to it, since both are about 55% cobalt with similar tungsten and tantalum. Differences come from condition, documentation and whether a buyer specifically needs low zirconium. A lot with proven low zirconium can find buyers that a lot without analysis cannot.
How do I offer ECY-768 vanes to Mipra Steel?
Send photographs, piece count, weight, location and any readings or outage records. Mention whether the segments are coated or repaired. We review incoming enquiries and respond with relevant next steps.
Is ECY-768 related to X-40 or FSX-414?
They belong to the same broad group of cobalt-chromium-nickel-tungsten vane alloys, but they are separate grades. X-40 and FSX-414 carry no tantalum, and FSX-414 runs about 29.5% chromium, so a reading of tantalum and chromium separates them from ECY-768.
What is ECY-768 made of?
Nominally 55.1% cobalt, 23.5% chromium, 10% nickel, 7% tungsten, 3.5% tantalum, 0.6% carbon, 0.2% titanium, 0.15% aluminium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
What is the difference between MGA 1400 and MGA 1400 DS?
The casting route and hafnium. MGA 1400 is conventionally cast with equiaxed grains. MGA 1400 DS is directionally solidified with columnar grains and carries a hafnium addition whose level is not published. Otherwise the base chemistry is the same, so documents and grain structure decide the description.
Who developed MGA 1400?
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, together with Mitsubishi Materials, for the rotating blades of its industrial gas turbines. Published MHI work compared it with IN-738LC and reduced chromium from about 16% to 14%, with more tantalum and tungsten carrying the strength.
How do I tell MGA 1400 from GTD-111 on a reading?
Compare titanium and tantalum. MGA 1400 reads about 2.7% titanium and 4.7% tantalum. GTD-111 reads about 4.9% titanium and 2.8% tantalum. Aluminium also differs, about 4% against 3%, but needs OES or a light-element XRF setup.
Is MGA 1400 scrap the same as MGA 2400 scrap?
No. MGA 2400 is the vane alloy, with about 19% chromium, 19% cobalt, 6% tungsten and 1% niobium. MGA 1400 is the blade alloy with 14% chromium and 10% cobalt. Blades and vanes from one turbine should never share a container.
What customs code covers MGA 1400 scrap?
As a nickel-base alloy, MGA 1400 scrap is typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. Each country adds its own digits, so confirm the full code with your broker.
Can I send Mipra Steel an enquiry for a part set of MGA 1400 blades?
Yes. Part sets, single stages and revert are all welcome. Share the piece count, weight, turbine model, stage, coating condition and photographs, and any readings you have.
What is MGA 1400 made of?
Nominally 58.7% nickel, 14% chromium, 10% cobalt, 4.7% tantalum, 4.3% tungsten, 4% aluminium, 2.7% titanium, 1.5% molybdenum, 0.1% carbon. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
How much hafnium is in MGA 1400 DS?
The figure has not been published. Mitsubishi's published work describes MGA 1400 DS as MGA 1400 developed with a hafnium addition for directional solidification, without giving the level. A reading can confirm hafnium is present, but no one should quote a target figure.
Is MGA 1400 DS worth more than MGA 1400?
It depends on the buyer. The base metals are the same, so the difference comes from hafnium and from how well the DS description is supported. A melter producing hafnium-bearing DS alloys may value it more; one who must keep hafnium out may not.
How can I see whether a blade is directionally solidified?
Look at the airfoil after a light etch or grit blast. DS blades show long, parallel grains running from root to tip. Conventionally cast blades show many small grains in random directions. A single-crystal blade shows no grain boundaries at all.
Which turbines use MGA 1400 DS blades?
Mitsubishi's published work states that MGA 1400 DS has been applied in the M501G and in up-rated M501F and M701F turbines. Other units may use it as well, so blade part numbers are the reliable way to confirm a particular lot.
Can MGA 1400 DS and GTD-111 DS be packed together?
They should not be. Both are DS blade alloys with 14% chromium, but GTD-111 carries more titanium and less tantalum. Mixing them leaves a melter with a charge matching neither, which lowers what the lot can fetch.
What HS heading is used for MGA 1400 DS scrap?
Because it is a nickel-base superalloy, it is typically declared under HS 7503.00 for nickel waste and scrap. Each country adds its own subheading, so the complete code should be checked with a customs broker.
What should I send Mipra Steel to offer MGA 1400 DS blades?
The blade count, weight, turbine model and row, coating condition, location, and photographs that show the grain pattern and root markings. Any reading showing hafnium helps. Partial rows and mixed-condition sets can be discussed.
What is MGA 1400 DS made of?
Nominally 58.7% nickel, 14% chromium, 10% cobalt, 4.7% tantalum, 4.3% tungsten, 4% aluminium, 2.7% titanium, 1.5% molybdenum, 0.1% carbon. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
How do I tell MGA 2400 from IN-939?
Check chromium and tungsten on clean metal. MGA 2400 reads about 19% chromium and 6% tungsten; IN-939 reads about 22.4% chromium and 2% tungsten. Everything else, including cobalt, titanium, tantalum and niobium, is practically the same.
Is MGA 2400 a blade or a vane alloy?
A vane alloy. Mitsubishi uses MGA 2400 for the stationary vanes of heavy-duty gas turbines, while MGA 1400 and MGA 1400 DS are its rotating blade alloys. Vanes and blades from one outage should be packed separately.
Which turbines use MGA 2400 vanes?
Published Mitsubishi work states that MGA 2400 vanes have been in service in the 1,500°C class M501G since January 1997, and that the alloy is used in the M501G and M701G. Other models may also use it; part records confirm this for a given lot.
Why does the 6% tungsten in MGA 2400 matter to buyers?
It is about three times the tungsten in IN-939, so a melter targeting one alloy gets the wrong tungsten if the other is mixed in. It also adds refractory value, which is one reason correctly named lots are worth more than mixed vane scrap.
Can coated MGA 2400 vane segments be sold as they are?
Yes. Coated segments are traded regularly, but buyers allow for ceramic and bond coat weight and for any weld repairs. Stripped segments and foundry revert are easier to describe and need fewer deductions.
What is the customs classification for MGA 2400 scrap?
MGA 2400 is a nickel-base alloy, so its scrap is normally entered under HS 7503.00 (nickel waste and scrap). National subheadings differ, and a customs broker should confirm the complete code for each shipment.
How do I offer MGA 2400 segments to Mipra Steel?
Send segment count, weight, turbine model, coating condition and location, with photographs and any chromium and tungsten readings. Part rows and full sets can both be discussed.
What is MGA 2400 made of?
Nominally 47.9% nickel, 19% chromium, 19% cobalt, 6% tungsten, 3.7% titanium, 1.9% aluminium, 1.4% tantalum, 1% niobium, 0.1% carbon. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
What does "GTD-111 low Zr" mean?
It is a trade description, not a published grade. It refers to GTD-111 lots held low in zirconium and documented by analysis, kept for melts that need zirconium controlled. No fixed threshold is published, so the description rests on the readings or certificates that come with the lot.
Is GTD-111 the same as René 80?
No, though they are close. Both have about 14% chromium and 9.5% cobalt with high titanium. GTD-111 adds about 2.8% tantalum and carries about 1.5% molybdenum and 3.8% tungsten, while René 80 has no tantalum and about 4% each of molybdenum and tungsten.
Which turbine parts are made from GTD-111?
Mainly first- and second-stage buckets (rotating blades) in heavy-duty land-based gas turbines. Nozzles in the same machines are usually cast from other alloys such as GTD-222, which is why bucket and nozzle scrap from one outage should be kept apart.
Are DS GTD-111 buckets worth more than equiaxed ones?
The metal is the same alloy, so the base value is similar. DS buckets are described separately because a buyer wants to know what it is charging, and a clearly declared lot is easier to place than a mixed one. Say which you have when you enquire.
How is zirconium checked in a GTD-111 lot?
On a clean, ground surface with an instrument set up to read zirconium at low levels, or by OES or a laboratory. Coated or oxidised surfaces give misleading results. Buyers of low Zr lots normally want the analysis in writing.
Under which HS code is GTD-111 scrap shipped?
GTD-111 is nickel-base, so its scrap is typically classified under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. National tariff lines add digits; check the full line with your customs broker.
Does Mipra Steel buy full sets of gas turbine buckets?
Yes. Mipra Steel buys GTD-111 bucket sets from power plants, overhaul shops and traders, as well as part sets and revert. Send the stage, piece count, weight, coating condition and photographs.
Why is GTD-111 scrap kept separate from IN-939 and GTD-222?
Because those nozzle alloys carry about 22% chromium and 19% cobalt, against 14% and 9.5% in GTD-111. Mixing them gives a melter a chemistry neither alloy can use without correction, and the lot is then priced as mixed superalloy.
What is GTD-111 made of?
Nominally 60.5% nickel, 14% chromium, 9.5% cobalt, 4.9% titanium, 3.8% tungsten, 3% aluminium, 2.8% tantalum, 1.5% molybdenum. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is GTD-222 the same as IN-939?
No, though they are close. Both carry about 22% chromium and 19% cobalt, but IN-939 has about 3.7% titanium while GTD-222 has about 2.3%. Many melters treat them as separate revert grades, so a mixed lot of the two is usually described and valued as general vane revert rather than as either alloy.
Why did GE replace FSX-414 nozzles with GTD-222?
FSX-414 is a cobalt-base vane alloy. GTD-222 was introduced as a nickel-base alternative for later-stage nozzles that could be strengthened by precipitation hardening while remaining weldable for repair. For scrap traders the practical result is that older units may yield cobalt-base FSX-414 nozzles and newer ones GTD-222, and the two must never share a lot.
Can a handheld analyser tell GTD-222 from GTD-241?
Often, yes, if it reads tantalum reliably. GTD-222 carries about 1% tantalum and about 0.8% niobium; GTD-241 has no tantalum and about 1.35% niobium. Coated or repaired surfaces can blur these small differences, so readings should be taken on ground metal and backed by part numbers.
Do weld repairs and coatings reduce the value of GTD-222 scrap?
They can. Repair welds may use a filler of a different chemistry, and coatings add aluminium and other elements at the surface. Neither stops the scrap from being sold, but a buyer will price in the uncertainty unless the repair history and coating are disclosed.
How do I sell GTD-222 nozzle segments to Mipra Steel?
Send the weight, segment count, location and clear photographs, ideally showing part numbers. Say whether the segments are engine-run or new castings and attach any readings or outage reports. Those details let us describe the lot accurately before any offer is discussed.
Which customs heading applies to GTD-222 scrap shipments?
Nickel is the base metal, so shipments typically go under heading 7503.00 (nickel waste and scrap) rather than the cobalt heading, despite the 19% cobalt. National tariffs extend that heading with extra digits; your customs broker should confirm the exact line for the destination.
Is GTD-222 scrap magnetic?
No. GTD-222 is non-magnetic, so a magnet will not separate it from other nickel superalloys. It will, however, flag steel fixtures or carbon-steel hardware that should be removed from a nozzle lot before it is weighed.
What is GTD-222 made of?
Nominally 51.2% nickel, 22.5% chromium, 19% cobalt, 2.3% titanium, 2% tungsten, 1.2% aluminium, 1% tantalum, 0.8% niobium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
What is GTD-241 used for?
GTD-241 is cast into nozzles, the stationary vanes of heavy-duty, land-based gas turbines. It was derived from GTD-222 for the same duty, with tantalum removed and niobium increased. It is not used for rotating buckets, which are made from alloys such as GTD-111.
Why is there no tantalum in GTD-241?
A GE patent for a tantalum-free alloy on the GTD-222 base cites tantalum's high cost and reports easier welding without a loss of creep resistance. Niobium was raised to about 1.3% to compensate. For scrap buyers, the absence of tantalum is also the main way to tell 241 from 222.
Can GTD-241 and GTD-222 be sold in the same lot?
They can be sold together, but then the lot is described as mixed GTD nozzle revert rather than as either grade. Buyers who need a specific chemistry will usually value a segregated, documented lot higher than a blend, so it pays to keep them apart if records allow it.
Can a handheld XRF tell GTD-262 from GTD-241?
Not reliably on its own. The two differ mainly in aluminium, about 1.7% against 1.2%, and standard handheld XRF struggles with light elements. Spark OES or a light-element XRF configuration is needed, ideally backed by part numbers or casting papers.
Who buys GTD-241 scrap in India?
Mipra Steel in Mumbai buys GTD-241 nozzle scrap and casting revert, both engine-run and new. Send the weight, location, photographs of part numbers and any tantalum readings so the lot can be described properly before an offer is made.
What HS heading is used when shipping GTD-241 scrap?
Most shipments of GTD-241 go under 7503.00, the heading for nickel waste and scrap, since nickel is its largest element. Countries add their own subheading digits, so the importer's or exporter's customs broker should confirm the national line.
What is GTD-241 made of?
Nominally 51.7% nickel, 22.5% chromium, 19% cobalt, 2.3% titanium, 2% tungsten, 1.4% niobium, 1.2% aluminium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
How is GTD-262 different from GTD-241?
GTD-262 raises aluminium from about 1.2% to about 1.7% on the same 22.5% chromium, 19% cobalt, 1.35% niobium base. Aluminium helps form gamma-prime, so 262 gains strength at temperature. Everything else in the nominal chemistry is the same, which is why the two are so easily confused in scrap.
Why can't my handheld analyser confirm GTD-262?
Most handheld XRF units cannot measure aluminium precisely, and aluminium is the only element that separates GTD-262 from GTD-241. A spark OES reading, a light-element XRF configuration or a lab analysis on clean, ground metal is needed. Part numbers and casting records help confirm the result.
Does a coating affect the GTD-262 reading?
Yes. Many hot-section coatings are rich in aluminium, so a reading taken on a coated surface can overstate aluminium and make GTD-241 look like 262. Grind to bare base metal before any OES or XRF reading, and record where on the segment the reading was taken.
Is GTD-262 scrap worth separating if the lot is small?
Usually yes, provided the aluminium can be confirmed. A documented small parcel can be combined with other GTD-262 later, whereas once it is blended into GTD-241 revert it can only be sold under the mixed description. Keep it bagged and labelled until enough has accumulated.
Can I sell GTD-262 scrap to Mipra Steel from outside India?
Yes. Mipra Steel imports nozzle scrap as well as buying locally, and its Dubai and Korea offices help with overseas sellers. Share the weight, location, photographs, aluminium analysis and port of loading, and we will come back with what is needed to move the lot.
What tariff code does GTD-262 scrap travel under?
Expect it to be entered under 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap, which is the usual heading for nickel-base superalloy revert. Each customs authority adds national digits, so confirm the full code with your broker before the documents are prepared.
What is GTD-262 made of?
Nominally 51.2% nickel, 22.5% chromium, 19% cobalt, 2.3% titanium, 2% tungsten, 1.7% aluminium, 1.4% niobium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
What is the difference between SMO 254 and 904L scrap?
254 SMO has about 6% molybdenum and 18% nickel, while 904L has about 4.5% molybdenum, 25% nickel and more copper. On XRF the molybdenum and nickel readings separate them clearly, and the two should be sold as different lots.
Is 254 SMO a nickel alloy?
No. It is an iron-base super-austenitic stainless steel with about 55% iron and 18% nickel. It trades as high-alloy stainless scrap, valued for its molybdenum and nickel, and is kept out of nickel alloy lots.
Why do buyers reject 254 SMO lots mixed with 316L?
Because 316L carries only 2% to 3% molybdenum, so mixing it in lowers the average molybdenum of the whole lot. A melt shop paying for 6Mo feed then has to correct its charge with primary molybdenum, and it prices the lot accordingly.
What does F44 mean on a flange?
F44 is the ASTM A182 designation for forged 254 SMO (UNS S31254) flanges and fittings. A stamped F44 with a heat number is good evidence that the piece is 6Mo material.
What HS code should be used to ship 254 SMO scrap?
Being stainless steel, 254 SMO scrap is typically declared under HS 7204.21, stainless steel waste and scrap. Check the full tariff line in both countries with your customs broker before booking the shipment.
How do I sell 6Mo scrap to Mipra Steel?
Send the weight, forms, location, photos and any molybdenum readings or certificates. Lots that are already separated from 316L and duplex are easier to describe and to offer on.
Can 254 SMO turnings be traded?
Yes, if they are single-grade, drained of coolant and dry. Turnings from a shop that also machines 316L are a contamination risk, so buyers usually ask for readings from several samples.
What is 254 SMO made of?
Nominally 55% iron, 20% chromium, 18% nickel, 6.1% molybdenum, 0.7% copper, plus about 0.2% nitrogen. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is Duplex 2205 scrap magnetic?
Yes. About half of its structure is ferrite, so a magnet pulls on it. That separates it from 316L and other austenitic stainless steels, but not from carbon steel, ferritic stainless or the super duplex grades, which are also magnetic. Confirm the grade with an XRF reading.
Is S31803 scrap the same as S32205 scrap?
For trading purposes, yes. S32205 is a tighter version of S31803 with higher minimum chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen, and most material is dual-certified. Both are sold as 2205. A buyer who specifically needs S32205 will ask for certificates.
Is 2205 scrap worth more than 316 scrap?
Not automatically. 316 carries more nickel (10% to 14% against about 5.5%), while 2205 carries more chromium and comparable or higher molybdenum. Which lot fetches more depends on nickel and molybdenum prices on the day and on how clean each lot is.
What does F51 mean on duplex scrap?
F51 is the ASTM A182 forging designation for UNS S31803. F60 is the same for S32205. Both are duplex 2205, so F51 and F60 flanges and fittings go into the same lot. F53 and F55 are super duplex and must be kept apart.
Which HS code covers duplex 2205 scrap?
Duplex is a stainless steel, so its scrap is typically declared under HS 7204.21, waste and scrap of stainless steel, not under nickel scrap headings. Your customs broker should confirm the full national tariff line before the shipment is booked.
How do I sell duplex scrap to Mipra Steel?
Send the form, approximate weight, location and photographs, plus any readings or certificates. Say if the lot includes clad plate or turnings, and whether pieces carry F51, F60 or 1.4462 markings. The sell scrap form or the contact page both reach us.
Why was my duplex lot downgraded?
Usually because of carbon steel. Brackets, studs, clad backing and stray carbon-steel offcuts all stick to the magnet just like 2205, so they slip through magnet-only sorting. Super duplex pieces in the bag are the other common cause.
What is Duplex 2205 made of?
Nominally 67.2% iron, 22.5% chromium, 5.5% nickel, 3.1% molybdenum, 1.5% manganese, plus about 0.17% nitrogen. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
What is the difference between 2205 and 2507 scrap?
2507 carries about 25% chromium, 7% nickel and 4% molybdenum; 2205 carries about 22.5%, 5.5% and 3%. Both are magnetic duplex steels, so only an XRF reading or reliable markings tell them apart. 2507 lots usually command more because of the extra nickel and molybdenum.
Can super duplex 2507 and S32760 scrap be sold together?
They can be sold as a mixed super duplex lot, but that lot is worth less to a melt shop. S32750 allows at most 0.5% copper and has no tungsten, so a 2507 producer cannot freely use material that includes S32760. Separating them by XRF before sale keeps both lots useful.
Is super duplex scrap a nickel alloy?
No. With roughly 63% iron and 7% nickel, 2507 is a stainless steel. It is classified, sold and melted as alloyed stainless scrap, not as nickel alloy scrap, though it often comes out of the same offshore plant as nickel alloys.
What HS code applies to super duplex scrap exports?
As stainless steel scrap, 2507 is typically declared under HS 7204.21. National tariffs add digits beyond the six-digit heading, so confirm the complete code with your customs broker in both the exporting and importing country.
What does F53 stamped on a flange mean?
F53 is the ASTM A182 forging grade for UNS S32750, which is super duplex 2507. F55 is S32760 and F51 or F60 is 2205. The stamp is a good first guide, but buyers still ask for a reading before accepting the grade.
Does Mipra Steel buy super duplex turnings?
Yes, alongside solids. Turnings should be from one grade, drained of coolant and kept dry. Tell us the weight and location and send photographs; readings from the parent bar or forging help describe the lot.
Why does offshore 2507 scrap need extra preparation?
Offshore equipment usually arrives with paint, insulation, rubber gaskets, carbon-steel supports and bolting still attached. None of it is super duplex, and carbon steel passes the magnet test, so it must be removed by hand before the lot is weighed.
What is Super duplex 2507 made of?
Nominally 62.9% iron, 25% chromium, 7% nickel, 4% molybdenum, 0.8% manganese, plus about 0.28% nitrogen. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is Zeron 100 the same as S32760?
Yes. Zeron 100 is a trade name for super duplex made to UNS S32760, so Zeron 100 scrap is S32760 scrap. Certificates may show the trade name, the UNS number, F55 or 1.4501, and all describe the same grade.
How do I tell S32760 from 2507 on an XRF?
Look for tungsten and copper. S32760 reads roughly 0.5% to 1% of each; 2507 shows essentially no tungsten and copper below 0.5%. Chromium and nickel are the same in both, so they do not help. Molybdenum is slightly lower in S32760.
Why should S32760 not go into a 2507 lot?
Because a 2507 melt cannot take its copper and tungsten. S32750 limits copper to 0.5% and has no tungsten addition, so S32760 pieces in a 2507 lot can push the chemistry outside what the buyer needs and lower the offer for the whole lot.
Are S32760 pump castings worth selling separately?
Yes, if they are confirmed by reading. Heavy casings and impellers are single-grade, easy to charge and often well documented, so they are worth more as S32760 than mixed into general stainless or super duplex scrap. Strip bronze, seals and fasteners first.
Under which HS heading does S32760 scrap ship?
Typically HS 7204.21, waste and scrap of stainless steel, because it is an iron-base stainless grade despite its nickel, molybdenum and tungsten. Ask your customs broker to confirm the full national tariff line for the destination.
Can Mipra Steel help sell S32760 scrap held in the Gulf?
Yes. Mipra Steel has an office in Dubai and buys super duplex from the region. Send the weight, location, photographs and any readings, and say whether the lot is stripped parts or complete assemblies.
What is Super duplex S32760 made of?
Nominally 62.8% iron, 25% chromium, 7% nickel, 3.5% molybdenum, 0.75% copper, 0.75% tungsten, plus about 0.25% nitrogen. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
What is the difference between 20Mo-4 and Alloy 20?
Molybdenum and copper. 20Mo-4 has about 4% molybdenum and 1% copper; Alloy 20 (N08020) has about 2.5% molybdenum and 3.5% copper. 20Mo-4 also carries a little more chromium, close to 24%. On an XRF, copper is usually the quickest separator.
Is 20Mo-4 scrap sold as stainless steel scrap?
No. Its nickel content, 35 to 40%, is higher than its iron, so it trades as nickel alloy scrap. Selling it into a stainless lot gives away nickel value, and stainless pieces mixed into a 20Mo-4 lot lower what the buyer will pay.
How is 20Mo-4 different from 20Mo-6?
20Mo-6 (UNS N08026) carries about 6% molybdenum, against about 4% in 20Mo-4. The two are often found in similar plants, so a molybdenum reading on every piece keeps them apart.
Can 20Mo-4 be told apart from Incoloy 825?
Yes, with a reading. Incoloy 825 shows about 42% nickel, 3% molybdenum, 2.25% copper and about 0.9% titanium. 20Mo-4 shows about 37% nickel, 4% molybdenum, 1% copper and a trace of niobium rather than titanium.
Which standards cover 20Mo-4?
ASTM B463 covers plate, sheet and strip, B464 welded pipe and B473 rod and bar, all under UNS N08024. Mill certificates quoting these numbers are good supporting evidence when a lot is described.
What HS code should 20Mo-4 scrap be declared under?
As nickel is its largest constituent, 20Mo-4 scrap is typically declared as nickel waste and scrap under HS 7503.00 rather than under the stainless steel headings. Confirm the full national code with your customs broker.
Does Mipra Steel handle small lots of 20Mo-4?
Yes. 20Mo-4 usually turns up in modest quantities, and small, well-documented lots are welcome. Share the weight, form, location, photographs and any certificates or readings.
What is 20Mo-4 made of?
Nominally 37.5% nickel, 33.3% iron, 23.8% chromium, 4.3% molybdenum, 1% copper, 0.25% niobium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is Ni-Resist Type 1 scrap valuable?
Yes, more than ordinary cast iron. It contains about 15.5% nickel and 6.5% copper, which Ni-Resist foundries can reuse. It is still cast iron with around 3% carbon, so it is not valued like a wrought nickel alloy. Grade certainty and clean, attachment-free castings decide where an offer lands.
How do I tell Ni-Resist Type 1 from Type 2?
Look for copper. Type 1 reads about 6.5% copper with 15% nickel; Type 2 reads 20% nickel with copper at 0.5% or less. Both are non-magnetic and look identical as castings, so an XRF reading is the practical test.
Why is copper a problem when Ni-Resist types are mixed?
Type 2 and Type 5 are specified with almost no copper. Type 2 serves food, soap and caustic duties where copper contamination is unwanted, so a foundry melting those grades cannot accept copper-bearing Type 1 in its charge. Keeping types separate protects both lots.
What HS code is used for Ni-Resist scrap?
Because Ni-Resist is an austenitic cast iron, its scrap is typically classified under HS 7204.10, waste and scrap of cast iron, not under the nickel scrap heading. National tariff lines vary, so confirm the full code with a customs broker.
Are piston ring carriers Ni-Resist Type 1?
Ring carriers in aluminium pistons have traditionally been Ni-Resist Type 1, chosen because its thermal expansion is close to that of aluminium piston alloys. They are bonded into the piston, so they reach the scrap trade only once the aluminium has been removed.
Can I sell Ni-Resist pump casings with the impeller still inside?
You can offer them, but say so. Impellers are often bronze or stainless, and leaving them in means the buyer must dismantle the pump and deduct the foreign metal. Removing them first makes the lot cleaner and easier to describe.
What does Mipra Steel need to quote on Type 1 castings?
Photographs of the castings, an estimated weight, the location and any reading or document showing nickel and copper. Say whether impellers, shafts or linings are still fitted. That lets us respond on how the lot can be described and moved.
What is Ni-Resist Type 1 made of?
Nominally 69.8% iron, 15.5% nickel, 6.5% copper, 3% carbon, 2% chromium, 2% silicon, 1.2% manganese. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
What is the difference between Ni-Resist Type 2 and Ni-Resist D-2?
The graphite shape. Type 2 is a flake-graphite iron used for pumps and valves; D-2 is spheroidal-graphite (ductile) iron with similar nickel and chromium, used for exhaust manifolds and turbocharger housings. XRF reads them almost the same, so the source of the castings or a metallographic check separates them.
Why is Ni-Resist Type 2 made without copper?
Copper from the casting can contaminate products such as soap, food, rayon and plastics. Type 2 replaces the copper of Type 1 with more nickel, about 20%, so it keeps its corrosion resistance without that risk. Scrap buyers expect the same copper-free chemistry in a Type 2 lot.
Is Ni-Resist Type 2 scrap worth more than Type 1?
Usually it carries more nickel, about 20% against 15.5%, which counts in its favour. Type 1 offsets some of that gap with its copper, and actual value depends on demand from foundries for each type and on how clean and well documented each lot is.
Which tariff heading applies to Ni-Resist Type 2 scrap?
It is generally declared as cast iron waste and scrap under HS 7204.10, even though it contains about 20% nickel. Nickel scrap headings do not apply because the material is iron-base cast iron. Confirm the national line with your broker.
Are old caustic soda pumps made of Ni-Resist Type 2?
Many are, since Type 2 handles hot alkaline liquors better than plain cast iron. Others use stainless or high-nickel alloys, so check the pump data sheet or take an XRF reading before describing the castings as Type 2.
How can I offer Type 2 castings to Mipra Steel?
Send photographs, an estimated weight, the location and the plant duty the castings served, with any nickel and copper readings. Mention whether shafts or seals are still attached. We will come back on how the lot can be described and traded.
What is Ni-Resist Type 2 made of?
Nominally 72% iron, 20% nickel, 3% carbon, 2% chromium, 2% silicon, 1% manganese. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is Ni-Resist Type 5 magnetic?
It can be. Unlike Types 1 and 2, which are non-magnetic, Type 5 at about 35% nickel may attract a magnet at room temperature. That is why magnet sorting alone can misclassify it as ordinary grey iron. Use an XRF reading to confirm the nickel content.
Why is Ni-Resist Type 5 used for machine tools and gauges?
Its thermal expansion is very low, about 5 micrometres per metre per degree Celsius, so parts barely change size as temperature changes. That keeps machine geometry, dies and gauges accurate. Types 1 and 2 expand more than three times as much.
How is Ni-Resist Type 5 different from Invar?
Both are iron with roughly 35% to 36% nickel and low expansion, but Type 5 is a cast iron with about 2.4% carbon present as graphite, while Invar is a wrought alloy with almost no carbon. XRF cannot separate them; spark OES can, by measuring carbon.
How much nickel is in Ni-Resist Type 5 scrap?
About 35% nickel, which works out to roughly 350 kg per tonne of clean castings. That is the highest of the common flake Ni-Resist types and the main reason Type 5 is worth identifying instead of selling with cast iron.
What HS code does Ni-Resist Type 5 scrap use?
Despite its nickel, it is iron-base cast iron and is typically declared under HS 7204.10, waste and scrap of cast iron. Nickel scrap headings are not used for it. Ask your customs broker to confirm the national tariff line.
Is it worth selling a single Type 5 machine casting?
Often yes, because one heavy casting at 35% nickel holds a fair amount of metal. Send its weight, photographs, location and a reading if you have one, and say what machine it came from. Mipra Steel can then advise how it might be traded.
Can Ni-Resist Type 5 be mixed with Type 2 in one lot?
Better not. Type 2 is specified with about 2% chromium and Type 5 with almost none, and their nickel levels differ by about 15 percentage points. A foundry making either type needs predictable chemistry, so mixed lots are valued below sorted ones.
What is Ni-Resist Type 5 made of?
Nominally 60.3% iron, 35% nickel, 2.4% carbon, 1.5% silicon, 0.8% manganese. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
What is the difference between Titanium Grade 1 and Grade 2 scrap?
Oxygen and iron. Grade 1 allows at most 0.18% oxygen and 0.20% iron; Grade 2 allows 0.25% and 0.30%. That small difference makes Grade 1 softer and more formable, and gives melters more headroom on oxygen. The two look and read the same on handheld XRF, so the grade is proven by certificates or hardness. See how Grade 2 compares with Grade 5.
Are used plate heat exchanger plates Grade 1 titanium?
Often, but not always. Many seawater PHE plates are pressed from Grade 1 because it forms deep corrugations without cracking, while some packs use Grade 2 or stainless. The exchanger nameplate, plate data sheet or a hardness check settles it before the lot is described.
Can Grade 1 titanium scrap be sold as Grade 2?
Yes, chemically it fits inside Grade 2 limits, so a melter making Grade 2 can use it. The opposite is the problem: Grade 2 cannot pass as Grade 1 because its oxygen may exceed 0.18%. Selling proven Grade 1 as plain CP titanium gives away its main advantage.
How should titanium-clad steel trim be sold?
As clad material, in its own lot. The titanium layer is usually thin compared with the steel backing, so the lot is valued on the titanium it contains. Mixing clad pieces into solid Grade 1 is a common reason a lot gets downgraded.
Which HS code covers Titanium Grade 1 scrap?
Titanium waste and scrap typically falls under HS 8108.30. The national tariff line adds digits that differ by country, so confirm the full code with your customs broker before booking a shipment.
Will Mipra Steel buy a small quantity of Grade 1 titanium plates?
Send the details whatever the size: the form, approximate weight, location, photographs and any nameplate or certificate. Small lots are easier to place when they are clean, stripped of gaskets and kept to one grade.
Why does oxygen matter so much in Grade 1 titanium scrap?
Oxygen is what defines the CP grades, and titanium remelting cannot remove it. A melt shop must keep the charge under the grade limit, so every lot with uncertain oxygen narrows its options. Proven low-oxygen Grade 1 scrap is the feed that gives the most room.
What is Titanium Grade 1 made of?
Nominally 99.8% titanium, 0.2% iron. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Is Titanium Grade 2 scrap worth more than Grade 5 scrap?
Not as a rule. They serve different melts: Grade 2 goes to commercially pure products, Grade 5 to Ti-6Al-4V and aerospace alloys. Each lot is judged on its own grade certainty, cleanliness and form, and demand for the two moves independently. Keeping them apart protects the value of both.
How do I know if old condenser tubes are titanium Grade 2?
Start with the condenser data sheet or retubing specification, which usually names ASTM B338 Grade 2. Then check by weight and XRF: titanium is light and reads titanium with a trace of iron. Brass or copper-nickel tubes from earlier repairs read copper and must be sorted out.
Can Grade 2 titanium with copper-nickel tubesheet stubs be sold?
It can, but the stubs should be cut off first or declared. Copper is unwanted in a titanium melt, so a lot with attached copper-nickel is valued on the titanium after the stubs are removed. A clean, cut lot is far easier to place.
What customs code applies to titanium Grade 2 scrap?
Titanium waste and scrap is typically classified under HS 8108.30. Countries extend the code with national digits, and Indian import rules also call for a pre-shipment inspection certificate, so confirm both with your customs broker before shipping.
Does heat tint on Grade 2 titanium lower its value?
Heavy tint can. Light straw colour is mostly cosmetic, but dark blue, grey or flaky scale shows oxygen and nitrogen pickup at the surface, which a CP melt has to absorb. Buyers may ask for affected edges to be cropped.
How do I offer Titanium Grade 2 scrap to Mipra Steel?
Share the equipment it came from, the estimated weight, the location, photographs and any data sheets or stencil marks. Say whether it is cut free of other metals. We review the details and come back on how the lot can be described and moved.
Is Grade 2 titanium magnetic?
No. Commercially pure titanium is non-magnetic, as are austenitic stainless steels, so a magnet will not separate them. Weight and an XRF reading do: titanium is much lighter and shows no chromium or nickel.
What is Titanium Grade 2 made of?
Nominally 99.7% titanium, 0.3% iron. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Why are Ti64 turnings worth less than Ti64 solids?
Turnings carry oil, moisture, surface oxygen and the chance of hidden carbide tool fragments, and each needs cleaning or screening before a remelter can use them. Solids with certificates can often go into the melt with little more than a surface clean, so they command a better offer for the same alloy.
How do I tell titanium Grade 5 from Grade 2 scrap?
Read vanadium on an XRF. Grade 5 shows about 4% vanadium, while Grade 2 is commercially pure titanium and shows none. Aluminium at about 6% confirms Grade 5, but needs an instrument set up for light elements.
Is Ti-6Al-4V ELI scrap the same as Grade 5 scrap?
Chemically it is very close, with the same 6% aluminium and 4% vanadium, but ELI (Grade 23) has lower oxygen and iron limits. Without certificates it trades as Grade 5; with them it can be described separately.
Can titanium Grade 5 turnings be exported from India?
Yes. Grade 5 turnings and solids are exported from India in sealed drums or bags inside containers, described by grade and UNS number. They should be dry and free of carbide, and the buyer's acceptance terms agreed before loading.
What HS code applies to Ti-6Al-4V scrap?
Titanium waste and scrap is typically declared under HS 8108.30, whatever the grade. National tariffs extend this with extra digits, so the importer's customs broker should confirm the exact line.
What does a buyer want to see before quoting for Grade 5 scrap?
Clear photos, the form and weight, the location, and vanadium and aluminium readings. Mipra Steel also asks how turnings were collected, since that decides how much screening the lot needs before a remelter will accept it.
Why does carbide matter so much in titanium scrap?
Tungsten carbide melts far above titanium, so fragments survive remelting and stay in the ingot as dense inclusions. In aerospace parts those inclusions are a failure risk, which is why melt shops screen titanium scrap for them and reject contaminated lots.
What is Titanium Grade 5 made of?
Nominally 89.8% titanium, 6% aluminium, 4% vanadium, 0.25% iron. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Why is palladium added to titanium Grade 7?
Palladium improves titanium's resistance to reducing acids and to crevice corrosion in hot chloride solutions. A small amount, about 0.15%, lets Grade 7 work in services such as dilute hydrochloric acid and hot brine where plain Grade 2 can corrode.
Is titanium Grade 7 scrap worth more than Grade 2 scrap?
Generally yes, because Grade 7 contains palladium and a melt shop making Ti-Pd grades needs that input. The premium only holds if the palladium is shown by readings or certificates and the lot is not mixed with plain titanium.
Can a handheld XRF find the palladium in Grade 7?
Usually, yes. Palladium at 0.12% to 0.25% gives a measurable peak near 21 keV on a handheld XRF with an adequate count time. Very low readings may indicate Grade 16 or 17 instead, so the number matters, not just its presence.
What is the difference between Grade 7 and Grade 11 titanium scrap?
Both have the same palladium range. Grade 7 is built on Grade 2 and Grade 11 on the softer, lower-oxygen Grade 1. XRF cannot separate them reliably, so certificates or hardness testing are used.
Which customs heading covers titanium-palladium scrap?
It is typically declared under HS 8108.30, the heading for titanium waste and scrap, even though it contains palladium. Confirm the national tariff line with your customs broker for the import or export country.
We have Grade 7 heat exchanger tubes from a plant shutdown. How do we sell them?
Send Mipra Steel the tube count or weight, whether they are still in the tubesheet, the tubesheet material, location and photos. Certificates or the exchanger data sheet showing Grade 7 are very helpful.
What is Titanium Grade 7 made of?
Nominally 99.6% titanium, 0.3% iron, 0.15% palladium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
How is titanium Grade 11 different from Grade 7?
Both contain 0.12% to 0.25% palladium. Grade 11 is built on Grade 1, with oxygen limited to 0.18% and iron to 0.20%, which makes it softer and easier to form. Grade 7 uses the stronger Grade 2 base.
Can XRF tell Grade 11 apart from Grade 7?
No, not reliably. XRF shows the palladium in both but cannot measure the oxygen that separates their base grades. Mill certificates are the usual proof, and hardness testing can support them because Grade 11 is softer.
Why would a plant use Grade 11 instead of Grade 7?
For parts that must be heavily formed, such as linings, dished heads and spun shapes. Grade 11 keeps the palladium's resistance to reducing acids while giving the extra ductility of the Grade 1 base.
Is titanium-clad steel plate sold as Grade 11 scrap?
Not as solid Grade 11. Clad plate has a titanium layer bonded to steel and is valued on that titanium layer, with the steel treated as a deduction. It should be declared as clad and kept apart.
Does Mipra Steel deal in small lots of Grade 11?
Yes. Grade 11 rarely comes in large tonnages, and small documented lots are normal. Send the weight, form, location, photos and any certificates so the lot can be described properly.
Under which tariff heading does Grade 11 scrap travel?
Titanium waste and scrap, typically HS 8108.30. The palladium content does not change the heading, but the national line should still be confirmed with a customs broker before shipping.
What is Titanium Grade 11 made of?
Nominally 99.7% titanium, 0.2% iron, 0.15% palladium. Specification ranges vary by product form and standard.
Which Inconel grade is worth the most as scrap?
It depends on the metal markets on the day, but the grades with payable additions beyond nickel and chromium usually sit above the plain ones. 625 (molybdenum and niobium), 617 (cobalt and molybdenum) and IN-939 (cobalt, titanium, tantalum) normally attract more interest than 600 or 690. 718 carries niobium but also 18% iron, which pulls it back.
Can mixed Inconel scrap be sold without sorting it first?
Yes, but it is priced on what a buyer can be sure of rather than on the richest grade in the pile. Sorting with XRF into single grades, or at least separating 625 from 718 and cast from wrought, normally lifts the offer.
Is Inconel scrap magnetic?
No. Every grade in the family is non-magnetic at room temperature. A magnet will pull out carbon steel, ferritic stainless and duplex, but it will not separate one Inconel grade from another. For that you need a chemistry reading. See magnet testing scrap.
How do I know whether my scrap is Inconel or Incoloy?
Look at iron and copper on a reading. Inconel grades carry under 20% iron, except 706, and no copper. Incoloy 825 and 925 read around 30% iron with about 2% copper. Compare the two families on Inconel vs Incoloy.
Who buys Inconel turnings in India?
Mipra Steel buys Inconel turnings, along with traders and melters who take them for remelting. Turnings should be one grade, drained, dry and free of carbide tips. 718 and 625 turnings are the common ones; tell us which you have and how they were stored.
Why does IN-939 "low Zr" appear on some lot lists?
It is a trade description, not a published standard. It refers to IN-939 revert kept low in zirconium for melts that need it, with the level documented by analysis. Without that analysis, the lot is treated as ordinary IN-939.
Under which customs heading does Inconel scrap travel?
Inconel scrap is nickel-predominant, so it is typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. National tariff lines add digits. Confirm the full code with your customs broker before booking.
Does Mipra Steel supply Inconel scrap to overseas melters?
Yes. We sell and export described Inconel lots and import them into India, with offices in Dubai and South Korea. Share the grade, form, quantity, destination port and timing, and we will reply with next steps.
Is Incoloy 825 scrap the same as Inconel 825 scrap?
Yes. They are the same alloy, UNS N08825. "Incoloy 825" is the correct name; "Inconel 825" is a widespread mislabel. A buyer will describe the lot as Incoloy 825 and price it on that chemistry, so the label used when offering it does not change the value.
How do I tell Incoloy 925 scrap from 825?
Check titanium on an XRF or OES reading. 925 carries about 2.1% titanium with a little aluminium; 825 carries under 1% titanium. Everything else reads much the same, so certificates and the part type (aged bar and oilfield parts point to 925) help when readings sit close.
Why is Incoloy scrap priced lower than Inconel scrap?
Mainly because it holds less nickel, about 42% to 44% against 55% to 76% for most Inconel grades, and around 30% iron that adds little. Its molybdenum and copper help, but cannot close that gap.
Is Incoloy 800 traded with 825 and 925?
No. Incoloy 800, 800H and 800HT carry about 32% nickel and no molybdenum or copper, so they are a separate material. Keep them out of 825 and 925 lots, because a piece of 800 changes the chemistry of the lot.
Is Incoloy magnetic?
Incoloy 825 and 925 are non-magnetic. A magnet will separate them from carbon steel and duplex, but not from austenitic stainless steel or Inconel. A chemistry reading is needed for that. See PMI testing.
What HS code do exporters use for Incoloy scrap?
Incoloy 825 and 925 contain more nickel than iron, so they are typically entered under HS 7503.00 as nickel waste and scrap. Check the full national line with your customs broker.
Can I sell a small quantity of Incoloy scrap to Mipra Steel?
Yes, send the details. Give the grade, weight, form and location with photographs, and any readings or certificates. Smaller lots are often combined with others of the same grade, so a clear description matters more than size.
Which Hastelloy grade fetches more as scrap, B-2 or C-276?
B-2 normally carries more payable molybdenum, about 28% against 16% in C-276, so on chemistry alone it tends to rate higher. C-276 adds chromium and tungsten. The actual spread depends on the molybdenum and nickel markets and on the condition of each lot.
Can Hastelloy C-276 and C-22 scrap go in one lot?
Better not. They differ by roughly 6 points of chromium and 3 points of molybdenum, so a mixed lot fits neither melt specification and gets valued for the extra handling. Read every piece and pack the two separately. Compare them on C-22 vs C-276.
Is Hastelloy X a corrosion alloy like C-276?
No. Hastelloy X is a high-temperature alloy for combustors and furnaces, with about 18.5% iron and 9% molybdenum and almost no tungsten. Its scrap is valued as heat-resisting alloy, so it should never be packed with C-276, C-22 or B-2.
Does Mipra Steel buy Hastelloy turnings?
Yes, along with solids, plate and sheet. Hastelloy turnings should be one grade, dry and free of oil and carbide tips. Tell us the grade, weight, how the turnings are stored and where they are, with a photograph.
What happens to scrubber wallpaper made of C-276?
It is sold as Hastelloy scrap once the carbon-steel backing has been removed. If the steel cannot be removed, the material is described as attached and valued on the alloy it contains. The scrubber section of Hastelloy grades and uses explains more.
What customs code applies to exported Hastelloy scrap?
Hastelloy is nickel-base, so its scrap is typically entered under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. Countries add their own digits beyond the heading, so confirm the complete line with your customs broker.
What should I send to get a response on a Hastelloy lot?
Send photographs, weights, the grade and any readings together in one message. A complete description lets the lot be assessed on the first pass, while missing details usually mean a round of questions before anything else can happen. Say also whether the material is in India or abroad.
Is Monel scrap nickel scrap or copper scrap?
Nickel scrap. Monel holds about 65% to 66% nickel and 30% to 32% copper, so nickel predominates and it is traded as nickel alloy scrap. Cupronickel, where copper is the larger part, is a copper alloy and is traded separately.
How can I tell Monel K-500 scrap from Monel 400?
Read aluminium and titanium. K-500 carries about 2.7% aluminium and 0.6% titanium; Monel 400 has essentially none. Basic XRF often cannot see aluminium, so use a light-element setup or OES. Part type helps: shafts and springs are usually K-500. See Monel 400 vs K-500.
Why does a magnet sometimes stick to Monel?
Monel 400 has its Curie point close to room temperature, so it can be weakly magnetic on a cool day and not on a warm one. K-500 is non-magnetic. Because of this, a magnet is not a reliable way to sort Monel from other alloys.
Does copper in Monel add to the scrap value?
Yes. Monel offers are built on both nickel and copper, with nickel the larger share. Copper only counts when the lot goes to a melter who can use it, which is why Monel is never mixed with chromium-bearing nickel alloys.
What tariff heading is used when shipping Monel scrap?
Monel is nickel-predominant, so its scrap is typically entered under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap, not under the copper scrap heading. Confirm the full national line with your customs broker before shipment.
Where is Monel scrap found in India?
Mostly at ship recycling and repair yards, refineries with hydrofluoric acid alkylation units, desalination and seawater cooling plants, and machine shops making oilfield and marine parts.
How do I offer Monel scrap to Mipra Steel?
Send the grade if known, weight, form, location and photographs, plus readings if you have them. Mention any cupronickel in the lot. Mipra Steel buys and exports Monel from Mumbai and has offices in Dubai and South Korea.
Which Haynes grade is worth the most as scrap?
There is no fixed order because each grade is priced on different metals. 230 carries 14% tungsten and 282 carries 10% cobalt with 8.5% molybdenum, so both usually draw more interest than 214, which is valued mostly for nickel and chromium. Which of 230 and 282 comes out ahead depends on tungsten and cobalt markets and on which buyer is in the market.
Are Haynes alloys the same as Hastelloy?
No. Both names come from the same producer, but Hastelloy grades are mostly corrosion alloys built on molybdenum, while the Haynes grades here are high-temperature alloys. The one that gets confused is 230 with Hastelloy X, and tungsten separates them. See the Hastelloy scrap family page.
Can a handheld analyser identify every Haynes grade?
It identifies 230 and 282 easily from tungsten, cobalt and molybdenum. Haynes 214 is harder because its defining 4.5% aluminium is a light element that many handheld units read weakly or not at all, so 214 is normally confirmed by OES, a light-element XRF setup or a certificate.
Is Haynes 282 classed as a superalloy?
Yes. It is strengthened by γ′ precipitates of titanium and aluminium, like cast turbine alloys, but is sold as sheet, plate and bar for welded parts. Its scrap goes to the same specialist melters as other wrought superalloy scrap. Background on γ′ is in γ′ superalloys.
Do old furnace belts and fixtures have resale value?
Yes, provided the alloy is known. 214 belting and 230 radiant tubes are recovered for their nickel and alloy content, but heavy scale, refractory and steel attachments reduce what a melter pays. Knock off loose scale, keep belts separate from fixtures, and say how long the parts were in service.
What tariff heading is normally used for Haynes scrap?
All three grades are nickel-predominant, so their scrap is typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. Countries add their own digits to the line, so confirm the full code with your customs broker before shipping.
How do I offer Haynes scrap to Mipra Steel from abroad?
Send the grade or grades, weights, forms, photos, readings and the port the material would ship from. We work with sellers in the Gulf, East Asia, Europe and Australia, and lots can ship to India or to a third country, so name the destination you have in mind.
Should Haynes turnings be kept separate from solids?
Yes. Turnings are assessed differently from solids because of oil, oxidation and the risk of tool tips, and a melter often prices them on their own. Keep each grade's turnings dry and in their own drums. See solids vs turnings.
Is Nimonic the same as Inconel?
No. Both are nickel-chromium alloy families from the same producer group, but the Nimonic grades here are built on an 80/20 nickel-chromium base with very little iron and were developed for jet engine hot sections. Most Inconel grades carry more iron or other additions such as niobium. On a reading, iron is the quickest separator.
Why is Nimonic C-263 scrap kept apart from 75 and 80A?
Because of its 20% cobalt and about 6% molybdenum. Those additions are what a buyer pays for, and they are wasted if C-263 is mixed into plain 80/20 scrap. Equally, a melter making 75 or 80A does not want cobalt in the charge. Keep C-263 in its own bags.
Can mixed Nimonic 75 and 80A be sold as one lot?
It can be offered, but it will be priced as generic nickel-chromium scrap because no buyer can use it as either grade without knowing the split. Titanium readings usually separate the two quickly, and the sorted lots are easier to place. See Nimonic 75 vs Nimonic 80A.
Are scrapped engine exhaust valves worth selling as Nimonic?
Often yes, as many are made of 80A. The catch is that valves may carry hard-facing on the seat, plating on the stem or a steel end friction-welded on. Those parts change the chemistry, so either remove them or tell the buyer they are present.
What paperwork proves a Nimonic grade?
Mill certificates listing UNS numbers or BS HR, AMS or EN specifications, heat numbers stamped on bar, and part drawings from the manufacturer. Readings from a handheld XRF support them. See reading mill test certificates.
Which customs heading covers Nimonic scrap shipments?
Nimonic grades are nickel-predominant, so the scrap is typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. That applies to C-263 too, despite its cobalt. Check the full national tariff line with your customs broker.
Does Mipra Steel deal in Nimonic scrap from valve and fastener plants?
Yes. We buy and sell Nimonic production scrap from Indian plants and from suppliers abroad, and arrange import and export. Send the grade, forms, weights, photos and any certificates so we can look at the lot properly.
Is "Rene" the same as "René" when searching for scrap?
Yes. Both spellings refer to the same GE-designated superalloys; the accent is often dropped on invoices, packing lists and search engines. What matters in a lot description is the grade that follows the name, such as René 80 or René N5, because the family covers very different chemistries.
Why is René N5 scrap handled differently from the rest of the family?
Because it carries about 3% rhenium, a scarce element that superalloy melters pay for separately. N5 kept on its own can go back into rhenium-bearing alloys; mixed with other René grades, the rhenium is diluted and the lot loses that use. Its confirmation usually needs lab analysis or OEM records.
What does "low Zr" mean on a René 80 lot?
It is shorthand used between traders and melters, with no specification behind it. A seller uses it for René 80 returns whose zirconium has been measured and found low, offered to buyers whose heats limit zirconium. No number defines it, so the label stands or falls on the OES result or heat certificate that comes with the drums.
Can René 108 and René 125 be packed together?
Better not. Both carry about 1.5% hafnium, but 108 has more tungsten and less titanium than 125, and each melt is charged to its own chemistry. If the two cannot be separated on a reading, declare the lot as a mix of the two so the buyer can decide.
Are retired René turbine blades worth more than foundry revert?
Usually not. Ex-service blades carry coatings, oxidation, repair welds and sometimes core, so a melter expects lower yield and more checking. Clean foundry revert with heat records tends to be preferred, although a well-documented set of stripped blades can compare closely.
Which HS code applies to René alloy scrap?
HS 7503.00, the heading for nickel waste and scrap, is the one typically used, because every René grade is nickel-base; rhenium-bearing N5 is no exception. Each country extends the heading with its own digits, so have your customs broker confirm the full line.
How do I start selling René blades or revert to Mipra Steel?
Use the sell scrap page or the enquiry form to share alloy names, weights, origin, coating state, photos and any analyses. Sellers in India and abroad can both offer lots; we buy, sell, import and export René scrap.
Should directionally solidified René blades be declared separately from equiaxed ones?
Yes. René 108 is cast DS, while René 80 and 77 parts are usually equiaxed, and single-crystal N5 and N500 have no grain boundaries at all. Telling the buyer the casting route alongside the alloy name helps them match the material to their own melt and avoids questions after delivery.
Is MAR-M 509 a nickel alloy like MAR-M 247?
No. MAR-M 509 is cobalt-base, at roughly 55% cobalt with 23.5% chromium and 10% nickel, while MAR-M 247 is about 60% nickel. They share a name prefix and often a foundry, but 509 goes to a cobalt melt and is typically declared under HS 8105.30, not 7503.00. See cobalt alloy scrap.
How do I tell MAR-M 246 from MAR-M 247 on an XRF reading?
Look for hafnium and molybdenum. MAR-M 247 shows about 1.5% hafnium with under 1% molybdenum and 3% tantalum. MAR-M 246 shows no hafnium, about 2.5% molybdenum and 1.5% tantalum. Tungsten and cobalt are about 10% in both, so they do not separate the two.
What does "LC" mean in MAR-M 247 LC?
LC means low carbon. The name follows CM 247 LC, a derivative of MAR-M 247 developed for directionally solidified castings, with carbon cut roughly in half and titanium and zirconium reduced. Because XRF cannot read carbon, a lot is sold as 247 LC only when an OES or laboratory analysis supports it.
What is MAR-M 247C?
There is no published specification for "247C". It is a name used in the scrap trade for certain MAR-M 247 lots. Treat it as MAR-M 247 unless the seller provides an analysis or casting record explaining the label, and keep it as its own lot until that is clear.
Why are MAR-M 247 gates and risers worth more than used blades?
Gates and risers are uncoated metal from a known heat, so a vacuum melter can return them to a 247 melt with little risk. Retired blades carry coatings, braze repairs and service oxidation, and their exact chemistry is less certain, so they need more work before reuse.
Can I sell mixed MAR-M turbine scrap to Mipra Steel?
Yes, though a mixed lot is described and priced as mixed superalloy. Send the weight, location, photographs and any readings. If the pieces can be sorted into 246, 247 and 509 before you write, the lot is easier to place and the description will hold up when a melter checks it.
Which customs heading covers MAR-M scrap?
Nickel-base MAR-M 246 and 247 are typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. Cobalt-base MAR-M 509 is typically declared under HS 8105.30, cobalt waste and scrap. Confirm the full national tariff line with your customs broker before shipping.
Is MAR-M scrap exported from India to Korea or the Gulf?
It is. Sorted, single-grade MAR-M lots move from Indian ports to melt shops and revert buyers in East Asia and the Middle East. Mipra Steel has offices in Dubai and South Korea and handles export documentation grade by grade.
Why should rhenium-bearing blades be kept away from other superalloy scrap?
Because mixing destroys the value of both. Rhenium diluted into a general superalloy lot is no longer enough for a rhenium alloy melt, and a melter making a rhenium-free alloy does not want it at all. A clean, documented PWA 1484 lot can be placed where its rhenium is used.
From PWA single-crystal alloy scrap importer, buyer and exporter
Are coated PWA turbine blades still worth selling?
Yes. Engine-run blades with protective or thermal barrier coatings are traded regularly, but the coating and any service damage are declared and the material is valued below uncoated revert. Grinding a small spot clean gives a truer reading than testing through the coating.
From PWA single-crystal alloy scrap importer, buyer and exporter
How does Mipra Steel handle an enquiry for PWA 1484 scrap?
Send the alloy, form, weight, location, photographs and any rhenium readings or part records. Mipra Steel buys and sells PWA scrap, and the more of the lot you can document, the sooner a dated offer can be discussed.
From PWA single-crystal alloy scrap importer, buyer and exporter
What tariff heading do PWA single-crystal blades go under?
As nickel-base alloy scrap they are typically declared under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. The rhenium content does not change the heading, but naming the alloy on the documents helps. Confirm the national tariff line with your customs broker.
From PWA single-crystal alloy scrap importer, buyer and exporter
What HS code is used for cobalt alloy scrap?
Cobalt-base alloy scrap such as ECY-768, MAR-M 509 and F75 is typically declared under HS 8105.30, cobalt waste and scrap, because cobalt is the largest element by weight. National tariff lines add digits, so confirm the exact line with your customs broker.
Is MAR-M 509 the same as ECY-768?
Not quite. Their chemistry is almost identical, at about 23.5% chromium, 10% nickel, 7% tungsten and 3.5% tantalum on a cobalt base, but MAR-M 509 carries about 0.5% zirconium against 0.05% or less in ECY-768. Lots are kept apart and confirmed by zirconium analysis or casting records.
What is F75 cobalt chrome scrap?
It is revert and rejects from castings made to ASTM F75, the cobalt-28% chromium-6% molybdenum alloy (UNS R30075) used for orthopaedic and surgical implants. Its scrap is usually clean foundry material: sprues, gates and rejected castings, plus finishing swarf.
Can cobalt vane scrap be mixed with nickel superalloy revert?
No. A cobalt vane alloy dropped into a nickel superalloy lot brings 55% cobalt and around 23% chromium into a melt that was not designed for them, and it changes the customs heading of the lot. Sort cobalt pieces out by XRF before the lot is weighed.
Why is a magnet no use for sorting cobalt alloy scrap?
These alloys do not respond to a magnet in a consistent way, so a magnet cannot separate F75 from a vane alloy or either from a nickel superalloy. It is only useful for spotting steel fixtures. Composition readings do the real sorting.
Does Mipra Steel buy small quantities of cobalt alloy revert?
Yes, small foundry and overhaul lots are common in this family. Send the alloy, weight, location, photographs and any readings or casting records. Smaller lots are easier to place when they are clean, single-alloy and well documented.
Is tungsten carbide scrap a cobalt alloy?
No. Cemented carbide is mostly tungsten carbide with a cobalt binder, so tungsten is the main element and it is traded and declared separately. See tungsten carbide scrap for that material.
Which GTD alloy is used for buckets and which for nozzles?
GTD-111 is the bucket alloy, used for first- and second-stage rotating blades. GTD-222, GTD-241 and GTD-262 are nozzle (stationary vane) alloys on a 22.5% chromium, 19% cobalt base. That split is the first thing to get right when sorting scrap from an outage.
Why should buckets and nozzles from one outage be kept apart?
Because their chemistry is far apart: about 14% chromium and 9.5% cobalt in GTD-111 buckets, against 22.5% chromium and 19% cobalt in the nozzles. A melter charging one cannot absorb the other, so a mixed skip loses the value of both.
Is GTD-111 low Zr a separate grade?
No. Traders use the phrase for GTD-111 lots whose zirconium has been checked and found low, supplied to buyers who limit zirconium in their heats. There is no published limit, so the description depends on the analysis supplied with the lot.
Can GTD-241 and GTD-262 be told apart on site?
Not reliably with a standard handheld XRF. The two differ mainly in aluminium, about 1.2% against 1.7%, which needs OES or a light-element setup on a clean surface. Part numbers and stage records are often the practical answer.
Does Mipra Steel buy complete bucket or nozzle sets?
Yes. We buy and sell full or part sets of GTD buckets and nozzles, as well as foundry revert, in India and abroad. Tell us the turbine model, stage, alloy if known, piece count, weight and condition so we can look at the set.
What customs heading do GTD turbine parts travel under as scrap?
As nickel-base superalloy, GTD scrap is typically classified under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap, for both bucket and nozzle alloys. National lines add more digits; your customs broker should confirm the exact code for the destination.
How is GTD-111 different from MGA 1400?
Both are bucket alloys with about 14% chromium. GTD-111 carries about 4.9% titanium and 2.8% tantalum; MGA 1400 has about 2.7% titanium, 4.7% tantalum and 4% aluminium. They come from different makers' turbines, so they are sold as separate lots.
What are MGA alloys?
They are cast nickel-base superalloys developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries for its heavy-duty gas turbines. MGA 1400 is the blade alloy, MGA 1400 DS its directionally solidified version, and MGA 2400 the vane alloy. All three reach the scrap market from power plant outages and casting revert.
Why are MGA blades and vanes sold as separate lots?
Because they are different alloys. Blade material in the 1400 family has about 14% chromium, 10% cobalt and 4.7% tantalum; MGA 2400 vane material has about 19% chromium, 19% cobalt and 6% tungsten. A melt planned for one cannot take the other.
Can MGA scrap be identified without paperwork?
A good reading will tell blade alloy from vane alloy and point to MGA, but it can be confused with GTD-111, IN-939 or other turbine alloys that sit close by. Turbine model, stage and part numbers make the description firm, so send whatever records exist.
Is MGA 2400 the same as IN-939?
No, although they are close. Both carry about 19% cobalt, 3.7% titanium and 1.9% aluminium, but IN-939 runs some three points higher in chromium and has roughly a third of the tungsten in MGA 2400. Two lots, not one.
Which countries generate the most MGA scrap?
MGA material comes from wherever heavy-duty Mitsubishi-design turbines operate, which includes Japan, South Korea, the Gulf states and parts of South-East Asia. India also has such machines. We work with sellers in these regions through our Mumbai, Dubai and South Korea offices.
What HS code is used for MGA superalloy scrap?
MGA alloys are nickel-base, so their scrap is typically entered under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap, for blades, vanes and revert alike. National tariffs add further digits; your broker can confirm the exact line for the destination.
How can I get Mipra Steel to look at an MGA lot?
Share the unit type, row, alloy name if your records give it, count, weight, coating state and photos through the sell scrap page or contact. We buy and sell MGA scrap in India and abroad and arrange import and export.
Is duplex scrap magnetic?
Yes. Duplex 2205 and the super duplex grades are about half ferrite, so a magnet sticks to them, though less firmly than to carbon steel. 254 SMO and 20Mo-4 are fully austenitic and non-magnetic. A magnet therefore splits the family in two, but cannot tell 2205 from 2507.
From Duplex and 254 SMO stainless scrap importer, buyer and exporter
Is super duplex scrap worth more than 2205 scrap?
Usually, yes. Super duplex 2507 and S32760 carry about 25% chromium, 7% nickel and 3.5 to 4% molybdenum against roughly 22.5%, 5.5% and 3% in 2205, so each tonne holds more alloy. The premium only holds if the lot is not mixed with 2205.
From Duplex and 254 SMO stainless scrap importer, buyer and exporter
How do I tell S32760 from 2507 in a scrap pile?
Look for copper and tungsten. S32760 carries about 0.75% of each and 2507 has neither. Chromium, nickel and molybdenum are almost the same, so only those two elements, or an F55 against F53 forging stamp, separate them. S32760 is also known by the Zeron 100 trade name. See 2507 vs S32760.
From Duplex and 254 SMO stainless scrap importer, buyer and exporter
Why is 20Mo-4 grouped with duplex if it is a nickel alloy?
Because it comes out of the same acid and chemical plants and arrives in the same mixed lots. With about 37% nickel it is priced and typically declared as nickel scrap, so it should always be bagged and invoiced apart from the stainless grades.
From Duplex and 254 SMO stainless scrap importer, buyer and exporter
What PREN do these grades have?
Pitting resistance equivalent numbers work out at about 35 for 2205, above 40 for 2507 and S32760, and about 43 for 254 SMO. The figures explain why plants choose each grade, but scrap is paid on contained nickel and molybdenum, not PREN.
From Duplex and 254 SMO stainless scrap importer, buyer and exporter
Which HS code covers duplex and super duplex scrap?
Duplex, super duplex and 254 SMO scrap is typically classified as stainless steel waste and scrap under HS 7204.21. 20Mo-4 is the exception and typically goes under 7503.00. Confirm the full national tariff line with your customs broker.
From Duplex and 254 SMO stainless scrap importer, buyer and exporter
Can I sell a mixed duplex lot to Mipra Steel?
Yes, a mixed lot can be offered if it is described honestly. Send photographs, any readings or forging marks, the approximate share of each grade and whether 316L is present. A lot split by grade before sale is easier for a melt shop to accept, so pre-sorting usually pays for itself.
From Duplex and 254 SMO stainless scrap importer, buyer and exporter
What is Ni-Resist?
It is a family of austenitic cast irons, with 15 to 35% nickel added to grey iron so that the matrix becomes austenite. It keeps the castability and graphite of cast iron but resists corrosion, heat and wear much better, and is used for pumps, valves and stable machine parts.
Why is Ni-Resist scrap valued for its nickel content?
Because nickel is the expensive element in it. A tonne of Type 1 holds about 155 kg of nickel and a tonne of Type 5 about 350 kg, against almost none in ordinary cast iron. Foundries that pour Ni-Resist can use those units directly, so identified lots are worth more than general iron scrap.
How can I tell Ni-Resist Type 1 from Type 2?
Check copper. Type 1 carries about 6.5% copper and 15.5% nickel, while Type 2 has no copper and about 20% nickel. Both are non-magnetic and look the same, so an XRF reading or the pump maker's material record is needed.
Is Ni-Resist magnetic?
Types 1 and 2 are not, which is a quick way to separate them from ordinary cast iron. Type 5, with about 35% nickel, can be mildly magnetic at room temperature, so a weak pull on a heavy, high-nickel casting does not mean it is plain iron.
Which HS code applies to Ni-Resist scrap?
It is typically classified as cast iron waste and scrap, HS 7204.10, because it is a cast iron with 2 to 3% carbon, not a nickel alloy. National tariff lines vary, so confirm the full code with your customs broker.
Are ductile Ni-Resist grades handled the same way?
They are sold the same way but kept as separate lots. Ductile austenitic irons such as the D-2 types under ASTM A439 have spheroidal rather than flake graphite and slightly different chemistry, so a foundry will want them described separately from the grey Types 1, 2 and 5.
How do I offer Ni-Resist pumps to Mipra Steel?
Share photographs, nameplate details, approximate weight, piece count and location, plus any readings you hold. Say whether shafts and wear rings are still fitted. If the type is unknown, describe the service the pump was in, as seawater, caustic or precision duty points to the likely type.
Why are titanium turnings priced lower than solids?
Turnings need crushing, degreasing, drying and screening for carbide and iron before they can be remelted, and they carry oil, moisture and oxidised chips. Solids can often go to the furnace with little more than cleaning, so they need less work and carry less risk.
Why does carbide in titanium scrap cause rejections?
Tungsten-carbide fragments do not melt in a titanium furnace. They survive as dense inclusions in the next ingot and can start cracks in rotating aerospace parts, so remelters screen for them and reject lots where they are found.
What is the HS code for titanium scrap?
Titanium waste and scrap is typically declared under HS 8108.30. Tariff lines beyond six digits differ by country, so check the national code with your customs broker before booking a shipment.
Are titanium Grades 7 and 11 kept separate from Grade 2?
Yes. They carry about 0.15% palladium, which a remelter making palladium grades will pay for and which is lost if the scrap is melted as plain CP titanium. Grade 7 is the palladium version of Grade 2 and Grade 11 of Grade 1. See Grade 2 vs Grade 7.
Is titanium turnings storage a fire risk?
Yes. Fine titanium chips and dust can ignite and burn very hot, and water on burning titanium makes it worse. Store turnings dry, in closed drums or bags, away from grinding sparks and cutting work.
Does Mipra Steel buy titanium scrap from outside India?
Yes. We buy and import lots from the Gulf, Europe and East Asia, and our offices in Dubai and South Korea help with sellers in those regions. Send the grade, form, weight, location and photographs with any certificates.
What is the difference between LC and HC ferro chrome?
Carbon. LC ferro chrome is refined to about 0.10% carbon or less, while HC or charge chrome carries several per cent. HC is used early in stainless making, where carbon is later removed; LC is added after decarburisation or to low-carbon grades. They look alike and are told apart only by carbon analysis.
Which carbon classes of LC ferro chrome are traded?
Lots are commonly offered at 0.03%, 0.05% and 0.10% carbon maximum, with some even lower classes. Indian Standard IS 1170 sets out further classes up to 0.50% carbon. A lot is sold in the class its laboratory carbon result supports, not the one printed on old bags.
Are LC ferro chrome fines worth buying?
They can be. Fines are awkward to charge into a furnace and are discounted for that, but welding electrode and flux makers grind ferro chrome to powder anyway, so clean, dry fines with a good carbon figure suit them well.
Can a handheld XRF tell me if my ferro chrome is low carbon?
No. XRF confirms chromium and iron but cannot measure carbon. You need a combustion analysis in a laboratory to establish the carbon class. See XRF vs OES vs lab.
Under which HS code is LC ferro chrome shipped?
Ferrochromium with not more than 4% carbon is classified under HS 7202.49, which covers LC ferro chrome and off-grade lots of it. HC ferro chrome sits under 7202.41. Each country adds its own digits, so your broker should confirm the national line.
Does Mipra Steel buy old or opened bags of LC ferro chrome?
Yes, part-used and long-stored lots can be offered. Tell us how many bags, roughly how full they are, how long they have been stored and whether they were kept under cover, and send any original certificate and photographs.
What is nitrided ferro chrome used for?
It is added to stainless and alloy steel to supply chromium and nitrogen together. Duplex, super duplex and high-nitrogen austenitic grades use it because nitrogen raises strength and pitting resistance and stabilises austenite. A weighed solid addition is easier to control than relying on nitrogen gas alone.
From Nitrided ferro chrome scrap importer, buyer and exporter
How much nitrogen does nitrided ferro chrome contain?
Commercial grades are commonly offered in two bands, roughly three to four per cent nitrogen and a higher band from about six per cent upward, with chromium in the low-to-mid sixties. The certificate for each lot gives the actual figure, and off-grade lots are sold on their measured value.
From Nitrided ferro chrome scrap importer, buyer and exporter
Can XRF tell nitrided ferro chrome from LC ferro chrome?
No. Handheld XRF reads chromium and iron but cannot detect nitrogen or carbon. Only inert gas fusion analysis in a laboratory confirms nitrogen. See XRF, OES and lab methods.
From Nitrided ferro chrome scrap importer, buyer and exporter
Is N-FeCr classed separately for customs?
Generally not. Nitrided ferro chrome is still ferrochromium, and with its low-carbon base it typically falls under HS 7202.49 along with LC ferro chrome. National lines add digits, so a customs broker should confirm the exact entry.
From Nitrided ferro chrome scrap importer, buyer and exporter
What happens to a nitrided lot that came out below its nitrogen band?
It is re-described and sold on its measured nitrogen. A melt shop needing less nitrogen, or one blending with gas injection, can still use it, so a below-band lot is not waste, it is simply a different specification.
From Nitrided ferro chrome scrap importer, buyer and exporter
Does Mipra Steel take part-used bags of nitrided ferro chrome?
Yes. Part-used, opened and long-stored bags can be offered. Tell us the number of bags, how full they are, the storage conditions, and send the original certificate if you have it, plus photographs of the material and labels.
From Nitrided ferro chrome scrap importer, buyer and exporter
What is ferro tungsten used for?
Mostly to put tungsten into high-speed steels such as T1 and M2, hot-work and other tool steels, heat-resistant steels and hardfacing alloys. Tungsten gives these materials hardness that survives high temperatures, which cutting tools and hot dies need.
What does FeW80 mean?
It is the trade shorthand for ferro tungsten with about 80% tungsten, the common commercial grade. Actual lots range from roughly 75 to 85% tungsten, and each one is sold on its measured figure rather than the label.
Why is ferro tungsten used instead of pure tungsten in steelmaking?
Tungsten melts above 3,400°C and dissolves slowly in liquid steel on its own. Combined with iron as ferro tungsten, it goes into the bath more readily and with better recovery, which is why melt shops buy the alloy rather than the metal.
Is ferro tungsten the same as tungsten carbide?
No. Ferro tungsten is an iron-tungsten alloy for steelmaking, crushed into irregular lumps. Tungsten carbide is a sintered material of carbide grains and a cobalt or nickel binder, used for tools and wear parts, and recycled by a different route.
Which HS code should be used for ferro tungsten scrap?
Ferro tungsten, including off-grade and remnant lots, is typically declared under HS 7202.80, which covers ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten. Each country adds its own digits, so confirm the line with your customs broker.
Can I sell ferro tungsten fines to Mipra Steel?
Yes. Fines are a regular part of the ferro tungsten trade, especially for hardfacing and powder makers. Share the tungsten and impurity analysis, the size distribution if known, the quantity and photographs of the drums and labels.
What is ferro niobium used for?
Mainly microalloying HSLA steels for line pipe, structural plate and vehicles, where tiny niobium additions refine grain and raise strength. It also stabilises stainless grades such as Type 347, and vacuum grade material goes into nickel-base superalloys.
Is ferrocolumbium the same as ferro niobium?
Yes. Columbium is the older American name for niobium, so ferrocolumbium and ferro niobium are the same product. ASTM A550 still carries both names in its title.
What is the difference between standard and vacuum grade ferro niobium?
Vacuum grade is refined to much lower aluminium, silicon, oxygen and tramp element levels for superalloy and other critical melts. Standard grade, around 65% niobium, serves carbon and stainless steel. They look alike, so only the certificate or a full analysis tells them apart.
Why is tantalum reported on a ferro niobium certificate?
Tantalum and niobium occur together in ore and behave alike chemically, so a little tantalum can remain in the alloy. Superalloy buyers and some specifications limit it, so it is reported even when it is low.
What HS code applies to ferro niobium remnants and fines?
Ferro niobium in any form, including off-grade and fines, is typically declared under HS 7202.93. National tariff lines add digits, so a customs broker should confirm the exact code before shipment.
Will Mipra Steel consider old or opened ferro niobium drums?
Yes. Opened and long-stored containers can be offered if they are described honestly. Tell us the number of containers, how full they are, how they were stored and whether the original certificate is available, and send photographs.
Which customs heading does ferro vanadium fall under?
Ferro vanadium, including off-grade and remnant lots, is typically declared under HS 7202.92 among the ferro alloys. Each country adds digits for its national line, so have your customs broker confirm the full code before the invoice and bill of lading are drawn up.
What is the difference between FeV80 and FeV50?
The number is the nominal vanadium content. FeV80 is made by aluminium reduction and sits roughly in the 75 to 85% vanadium band; FeV50 is usually made by silicon reduction and sits near 50%. A steel shop needs less FeV80 for the same addition, and its residuals differ, so the two are priced and sold separately.
Is ferro vanadium fines worth less than lump?
Usually yes for ladle addition, because fines blow away in the furnace draught and oxidise. Cored-wire and briquette makers can use fines, though, so a clean, analysed lot of fines still has a market. Keep them separate from lumps.
Why do steel plants care about aluminium in FeV?
Aluminium enters the steel with the vanadium. In plants that control aluminium closely for castability or inclusion reasons, a high-aluminium lot complicates the heat. That is why aluminium is reported alongside vanadium on every analysis.
How much vanadium does rebar actually contain?
Very little. Microalloyed rebar and HSLA plate typically carry well under a quarter of a per cent vanadium, enough to form fine carbonitrides that raise strength. Tool and high-speed steels use several per cent, which is why their makers buy FeV in larger proportion to steel weight.
Can opened bags of ferro vanadium still be sold?
Yes, if they are kept dry and not mixed with other alloys. Buyers will want a fresh sample, because opened bags can collect dust, moisture or stray lumps from neighbouring bags. Photograph the bags and say how long they have been open.
How do I offer an FeV lot to Mipra Steel?
Share the grade, tonnage, size range, location, photographs and any certificate through our sell scrap page or contact form. Mipra Steel both buys and supplies ferro vanadium, so the same details help whether you are selling a surplus or looking for material, and a buyer can send a specification in the same way.
Which HS code covers molybdenum waste and scrap?
Molybdenum waste and scrap is typically declared under HS 8102.97. Your country adds further digits to make the national tariff line, so check the full code with your customs broker before the shipping documents are drawn up.
From Pure molybdenum (moly) scrap importer, buyer and exporter
Is TZM scrap worth the same as pure molybdenum scrap?
Not always. TZM contains about 0.5% titanium and 0.08% zirconium, which a superalloy melter may not want, while a TZM user may value it. Because the two cannot be told apart by eye, mixed lots are usually priced below a clean single-material lot.
From Pure molybdenum (moly) scrap importer, buyer and exporter
Can old vacuum furnace shields be sold as molybdenum scrap?
Yes. Shields, elements and hearth parts from all-metal hot zones are a common source. They are often oxidised or brittle and may carry deposits, so they are described separately from clean offcuts, and attached steel or ceramic is removed or declared.
From Pure molybdenum (moly) scrap importer, buyer and exporter
Do spent molybdenum sputtering targets have scrap value?
They do. Targets are made to high purity and still contain most of their metal after use. State the target type (planar or tubular), the approximate remaining weight and whether it is still bonded to a backing plate or tube.
From Pure molybdenum (moly) scrap importer, buyer and exporter
Why do steel plants rarely buy pure moly scrap?
Steelmakers usually add molybdenum as technical oxide or ferro molybdenum, which cost less per unit of molybdenum. Pure metal scrap fits better with superalloy and special alloy melters, who need molybdenum without trace contamination.
From Pure molybdenum (moly) scrap importer, buyer and exporter
How heavy should a molybdenum piece feel?
About 10.2 g/cm³, so about a third heavier than a steel piece of the same size. If it feels nearly twice that, it is probably tungsten, and an XRF reading will confirm it.
From Pure molybdenum (moly) scrap importer, buyer and exporter
Can Mipra Steel take my molybdenum turnings or furnace parts?
Yes, Mipra Steel buys and sells moly in solid, turning and furnace-part form. Send the form, weight, location and photographs, plus any certificates or readings, and say whether TZM or molybdenum-lanthanum is present.
From Pure molybdenum (moly) scrap importer, buyer and exporter
What HS code is used for tungsten waste and scrap?
Tungsten waste and scrap is typically declared under HS 8101.97. Unwrought tungsten and powder sit under other subheadings of heading 8101, and national lines add digits, so ask your customs broker to confirm the full code before shipping.
Are green-band TIG electrodes pure tungsten?
Yes. Under AWS A5.12, green marks pure tungsten electrodes, usually at least 99.5% tungsten. Other colours mark oxide additions such as ceria, lanthana, zirconia or thoria, and those are sorted and described separately.
Can thoriated electrodes go into a pure tungsten scrap lot?
No. Thoria-bearing electrodes contain a radioactive element, and many recyclers refuse them or accept them only as a declared, separate lot. One handful in a drum can lead to a rejected shipment, so keep them out and tell the buyer if you have any.
How can I tell tungsten from tungsten heavy alloy?
Weigh a piece of known size: pure tungsten is about 19.3 g/cm³, heavy alloy roughly 17 to 18.5. XRF settles it, since heavy alloy shows nickel with iron or copper. Heavy alloy may also be weakly magnetic.
Is old furnace tungsten worth recycling?
Yes. Elements, mesh and shields that have gone brittle still contain tungsten that a recycler can recover chemically. Deposits, oxide and attached ceramic or molybdenum are deducted, so state their extent and strip off what you can.
Why is pure tungsten scrap usually shipped in drums?
Because it is so dense. A modest drum of tungsten weighs as much as a bag of steel scrap several times its size, and bags can split under the load. Small steel drums spread the weight and make container loading easier to plan.
Does Mipra Steel buy as well as supply tungsten scrap?
Both. Send the form, weight, location, photographs and any certificates through our sell scrap page if you are selling, or your purity and form requirements through contact if you are buying. We also handle carbide scrap as a separate line.
Under which HS code is cobalt metal scrap shipped?
HS 8105.30 is the subheading typically used for cobalt waste and scrap. Refined cobalt that is not scrap, such as unwrought cathode or powder, normally falls under a different subheading of heading 8105, and national lines add digits, so a customs broker should confirm the full code.
Is cobalt alloy scrap the same as cobalt metal scrap?
No. Cobalt metal scrap is refined, unalloyed cobalt. Cobalt-base alloys such as F75, MAR-M 509 and ECY 768 carry 20% or more chromium plus tungsten or molybdenum, and they are sold as alloy revert. See cobalt alloy scrap for those grades.
Why does nickel content matter in cobalt scrap?
Nickel and cobalt are refined together and the last traces are hard to separate. Battery chemical plants and magnet makers set limits on nickel, so the nickel figure often decides which buyer can take a lot.
Can broken cobalt cathode be sold as scrap?
Yes. Broken and cut cathode keeps its refinery analysis, so long as it is dry, clean and not mixed with other metals. Sweepings and fines are bagged separately because they tend to carry dust and oxide.
Is off-specification cobalt powder still usable?
Often. Powder rejected by a carbide or diamond tool maker for particle size or oxygen may suit a melt shop or a chemical plant. State the particle size, oxygen if known and whether drums were opened.
Does a magnet tell cobalt from stainless steel?
Mostly. Cobalt is strongly magnetic, while common austenitic stainless is not, so a magnet quickly flags stainless pieces. It does not separate cobalt from nickel or from ferritic steel, so an XRF reading is still needed.
How do I start a cobalt metal deal with Mipra Steel?
Sellers can share photographs, the cobalt form, tonnage, storage location and refinery paperwork on the sell scrap form; buyers can write in with their purity limits via the contact page. Mipra Steel deals in cobalt metal both ways, and runs separate lines for superalloy scrap and cobalt alloy scrap.
What HS code does misch metal travel under?
Misch metal is typically classified with the rare-earth metals under HS 2805.30, not under a base-metal scrap heading. National tariff lines add further digits, so have a customs broker confirm the exact line for your country before you ship.
Why does misch metal throw sparks?
Its rare-earth content, mainly cerium, oxidises so readily that tiny particles torn off by a file ignite in air. That property is why it is the base of ferrocerium lighter flints, and why turnings and fines need careful, dry packing.
Is misch metal the same as ferrocerium?
No. Ferrocerium is misch metal blended with iron, often around a fifth by weight, and usually some magnesium to make it harder and spark more readily. Flint offcuts are therefore sold as their own lot.
What does misch metal do in steel?
It combines with sulfur and oxygen, turning long manganese sulphide stringers into small round inclusions. That improves toughness and bendability across the rolling direction. Additions are small and made late in the process.
Can old or oxidised misch metal ingots still be sold?
Usually, yes. Surface oxide is deducted, but the metal under it keeps its rare-earth content. Break a piece to show the core, report the share that is oxidised, and keep the drums sealed until a buyer inspects them.
Why does the lanthanum share matter to a buyer?
Different users want different ratios. Hydrogen-storage alloy makers prefer lanthanum-rich material, while steel and flint users are often content with standard cerium-rich material. A lot that matches the user's ratio needs no blending.
How do I discuss a misch metal lot with Mipra Steel?
Use the sell scrap page to share the form, weight, location, photographs and producer analysis, or contact us with your specification if you are buying. Mipra Steel deals in misch metal both ways, alongside other ferro alloys and pure metals.
Which HS code covers selenium metallicum?
Selenium is typically classified under HS 2804.90, among the non-metals of heading 2804, rather than under a metal scrap heading. National lines add digits and may differ, so confirm the exact tariff line with your customs broker before shipping.
Why is it called selenium metallicum?
The name marks it as elemental selenium in its grey, metal-like form, as opposed to compounds such as selenium dioxide or sodium selenite. It is sold by purity, commonly 99.5% or 99.9%, in powder, granule, shot or lump form.
What is selenium used for in metallurgy?
Its largest metallurgical use is in electrolytic manganese production, where selenium dioxide improves the efficiency of the cells. Small amounts are also added to free-machining steels, such as a selenium-bearing 303 stainless, and to some copper alloys to help chips break during machining.
How does selenium decolourise glass?
Iron in sand gives clear glass a green tint. A very small selenium addition adds a pinkish tint that cancels the green, so the glass looks colourless. Larger additions, sometimes with cadmium compounds, give bronze or red glass.
Is old selenium from photocopier drums still around?
Very little. Older copiers and laser printers used selenium-coated drums, but newer machines use organic photoreceptors. Most selenium traded today is surplus or off-grade powder, shot and lumps rather than recovered drums.
Is it safe to store selenium in a warehouse?
It can be, with care. Selenium and its compounds are toxic, so keep drums sealed, dry, labelled and away from food, feed and acids, and follow the safety data sheet for handling and personal protection.
How can I offer or request selenium through Mipra Steel?
Sellers can share drum count, weight, form, location, photographs and certificates via the sell scrap form; buyers can send purity and impurity limits through contact. Mipra Steel handles selenium alongside other ferro alloys and pure metals.
How much is tungsten carbide scrap worth?
It depends on the form and the day. Solid hard carbide such as rods and uncoated inserts commands more than coated inserts, tipped tools or sludge, and every offer follows tungsten and cobalt prices at the time. We do not publish a fixed rate; send the weight, class and photographs for a dated offer.
How do I tell carbide from high-speed steel?
Weigh it. Carbide is about 14 to 15 g/cm³ and high-speed steel about 8 g/cm³, so a carbide drill feels close to twice as heavy as an HSS drill of the same size. HSS is also strongly magnetic, while cobalt-bonded carbide is only weakly attracted.
Are coated carbide inserts bought separately?
Yes, usually. Coatings such as TiN, TiAlN or alumina are thin but have to be dealt with during recycling, so coated inserts are bagged and priced as their own class. Mixing them into an uncoated lot normally drags the whole lot down to the coated description.
Does Mipra Steel buy carbide grinding sludge?
Yes, soft carbide scrap such as grinding sludge and powder can be offered. It is valued on its assayed tungsten content, which is lower and less certain than for solid pieces, so send any analysis you have along with the weight, moisture condition and photographs.
Is carbide scrap the same as ferro tungsten scrap?
No. Carbide is tungsten carbide cemented with cobalt, shaped as tools and wear parts. Ferro tungsten is an iron-tungsten alloy in crushed lumps used to add tungsten to steel. They go to different buyers and should never be mixed.
Which customs code covers carbide scrap?
Cemented carbide scrap is typically declared under HS 8101.97, tungsten waste and scrap. Tariff lines beyond six digits are set by each country, so check the full code with your customs broker before the shipment is booked.
Can brazed carbide tools be sold?
Yes, but as tipped material. Most of the weight is steel, so the offer is based on the carbide that can be recovered. Removing the tips, or at least keeping tipped tools out of the solid lot, protects the value of your solid carbide.
Which nickel alloy scrap is most common?
Inconel 625 and 718, Incoloy 825, Hastelloy C-276 and Monel 400 make up much of the traded volume, because they are the most widely used grades in oil and gas, chemical plant and aerospace.
From Nickel alloy scrap
Can different nickel alloys be sold together?
They can, as mixed nickel alloy scrap, but mixed lots may be valued differently because of chemistry uncertainty and sorting. Sorting by grade usually raises the total value of a lot.
From Nickel alloy scrap
What is superalloy revert?
Cast superalloy scrap that goes back to the melt: foundry gates, risers and rejected castings, plus retired blades and vanes.
From Superalloy scrap
Why must superalloy scrap be sorted by exact alloy?
Superalloy melts have tight chemistry limits. Alloys that look identical can differ in cobalt, tungsten, tantalum, hafnium or rhenium, and mixing them makes the scrap unusable for its highest-value route.
From Superalloy scrap
Is Inconel 718 a superalloy?
Yes. It is the most widely used wrought nickel superalloy, strengthened mainly by γ″ precipitates.
From Superalloy scrap
Why keep exotic alloys apart from nickel alloy scrap?
Each has its own melting route, HS heading and value drivers. Mixing titanium, duplex or Ni-Resist into a nickel alloy lot lowers the value of both.
Industries
Which industries generate the most nickel alloy scrap?
Oil and gas, chemical processing, power generation and aerospace generate most of it, through shutdowns, overhauls, decommissioning and machining.
From Industries
Why does the source industry matter?
It narrows the likely grades before a single reading is taken. Sour-service oilfield scrap points to 625, 718 and 825; chemical plant to Hastelloy C-276 and C-22; aerospace to 718 and superalloys.
From Industries
Is scrap from nuclear plants traded?
Only after it has been cleared through the site’s radiological clearance process. Alloy 600 and 690 tube from steam generator replacements is the typical material.
From Industries
Why are aerospace turnings valuable?
A single forged Inconel 718 disc can lose much of its weight to machining, so aerospace machining produces large volumes of single-grade turnings. When they are kept clean and separate they are a reliable source of 718.
Can aerospace scrap be traced back to its specification?
Often, yes. Machined aerospace material usually comes from certified bar and forgings, and machine shops can often tie turnings and offcuts back to the original certificates.
When does a power plant generate turbine scrap?
At combustion inspections, hot-gas-path inspections and major overhauls, when parts that have reached their repair limits are replaced.
Is repaired turbine scrap different from new?
Repaired parts can contain weld repairs and braze with different filler alloys. Record repaired parts separately so a melter can account for the filler.
What happens to nickel alloys when an offshore platform is decommissioned?
Topsides and subsea equipment are cleaned, cut and sorted onshore. Nickel alloy and duplex piping is segregated from carbon steel and sold by grade.
Is sour-service scrap safe to handle?
Once it has been cleaned and decontaminated, yes. Material from sour service must be free of residues before it is shipped, and many buyers ask for a written declaration.
Does chemical plant scrap need decontamination before sale?
Yes. Process residues must be removed, and many buyers and destination countries require a written declaration.
Why is chemical plant scrap often high in molybdenum?
Molybdenum is what gives nickel alloys resistance to reducing acids and chlorides, so the grades chosen for chemical service, especially the Hastelloys, carry a lot of it.
Is cupronickel from ships a nickel alloy?
No. 90/10 and 70/30 cupronickels are copper-base and are sold as copper alloy scrap.
How is marine nickel alloy scrap separated from bronze?
By XRF. Bronze and cupronickel are copper-base, while Monel is nickel-base; the analyser separates them in seconds.
Which alloys come out of desalination plants?
Mainly super duplex, 254 SMO and titanium, plus copper-nickel tube from older thermal plants.
Are desalination scrap lots usually clean?
Generally yes. The alloys are used in water service, so lots are usually free of process residues, although scale and marine deposits should be removed.
Can nickel alloy scrap from nuclear plants be recycled?
Only after it has been formally cleared as non-radioactive by the operator under the national regulator’s rules. Uncleared material cannot be traded.
Is oxidised furnace scrap still valuable?
Yes, but surface scale and any carburised layer reduce the metal yield, so the offer reflects the expected loss.
Is carburised furnace scrap still nickel alloy scrap?
Yes, but carburising adds carbon to the surface and makes parts brittle. Buyers may test for carbon and adjust the offer.
Identification, Value and Trade
What does the knowledge centre cover?
Identification (XRF, OES, PMI, magnet test, mill certificates), value and trade (pricing factors, solids vs turnings, export documents), metallurgy, recycling and reference topics such as UNS numbers.
From Knowledge centre
Who publishes these articles?
The articles are published by Mipra Steel. Each one states when it was last updated and links to the grade, standards and comparison pages it relies on.
From Knowledge centre
What makes nickel alloy scrap valuable?
Mainly its confirmed chemistry: nickel content plus alloying elements such as molybdenum, niobium, cobalt and tungsten. Segregation by grade, form, condition, contamination, quantity, traceability and current market conditions also affect what a buyer will offer.
From Nickel alloy scrap grades: common grades and what drives their value
Which nickel alloy scrap grades are commonly encountered?
Grades frequently seen in industrial scrap include Inconel 625, 718 and 600, Hastelloy C-276, C-22 and B-2, Monel 400 and K-500, Incoloy 825, and cast superalloys such as René 80 and MAR-M 247.
From Nickel alloy scrap grades: common grades and what drives their value
Is Inconel 625 or 718 scrap worth more?
There is no fixed answer. Inconel 625 contains more nickel and molybdenum, while 718 contains more niobium but much more iron. Which is valued higher depends on current metal prices and the buyer’s melt requirements, and both are more useful to a buyer sorted than mixed.
From Nickel alloy scrap grades: common grades and what drives their value
Can XRF distinguish Monel 400 from Monel K-500?
Not reliably on its own. K-500 contains aluminium and titanium, and aluminium is difficult for a standard handheld XRF to measure, so spark OES or an XRF set up for light elements is normally used to confirm K-500.
From Nickel alloy scrap grades: common grades and what drives their value
Does the grade alone determine the scrap price?
No. The grade indicates the likely chemistry, but an offer also depends on confirmed analysis, form, quantity, condition, segregation, logistics, the buyer’s requirements and metal prices on the day.
From Nickel alloy scrap grades: common grades and what drives their value
Is aerospace scrap worth more than chemical plant scrap?
Not as a rule. Value follows the grade, the form and how certain the chemistry is, not the sector. Hastelloy B-2 plate from an acid plant carries about 28% molybdenum, while aerospace stainless exhaust trim carries far less alloy. Aerospace turnings are often high-alloy but are discounted for oil and mixing risk. A clean, single-grade, well-documented lot from either sector is valued better than a mixed lot of the same alloys.
Can clad or weld-overlaid equipment be sold as nickel alloy scrap?
Yes, but it must be declared as clad or overlaid, not sold as solid alloy. The carbon steel backing is usually most of the weight, so a buyer values the piece on the alloy layer it actually contains, or on separated alloy after the layer has been removed. Give the alloy, the backing material and the layer thickness from the drawing where you have it, and expect the buyer to read both surfaces.
Who should sign a decontamination declaration for plant scrap?
It should come from the party that controlled the cleaning, normally the plant operator or the contractor who drained, flushed and dismantled the equipment under the plant permit. It states what the equipment handled, how it was cleaned and that the material is free of hazardous residues. A scrap trader passing the material on should hold the original and not write a fresh declaration for work it did not supervise.
Do retired aircraft engine parts need paperwork to be sold as scrap?
Usually, yes. Buyers expect a record showing the parts were removed from service and mutilated or otherwise made unusable, plus part numbers or a parts list where they are legible. That paperwork does two jobs: it shows the parts cannot re-enter service, and it helps identify the alloy. For blades and vanes, note the engine model and whether parts are coated or repaired.
Why must titanium be kept away from nickel alloy scrap?
Titanium and nickel alloys go to different melts, and each melter sets limits on the other metal. A few titanium chips in a nickel lot, or nickel chips in titanium turnings, can push a heat out of specification and force the whole lot to be downgraded. Titanium turnings also carry a fire risk. Separate bins at the machine are far cheaper than sorting mixed chips later.
What happens to Inconel 718 turnings from aerospace machining?
Clean, single-alloy 718 turnings are crushed, de-oiled and dried, then remelted, often back into nickel alloy production. The buyer will look for one grade only, no carbide inserts, low oil and moisture, and a composite analysis. Shops that bin 718 separately at each machine produce some of the more reliable turnings streams. See Inconel 718 turnings for preparation details.
Can plant scrap be sold before every piece has been identified?
It can be offered, but the offer will be provisional. Describe the equipment it came from, the likely grades from the plant records, the weights and photographs, and say clearly that readings are still to come. A buyer can then price on the expected grade subject to confirmation. Pieces that cannot be confirmed are best kept apart and sold separately rather than mixed into a graded lot.
Do you need a PSIC to import scrap into India?
Generally, yes. India generally requires a pre-shipment inspection certificate for imports of metallic waste and scrap, issued by a government-recognised inspection agency after it has inspected the material at the loading point. The procedures have provided alternative arrangements for some origins and ports, so check the current DGFT rules for your shipment's origin and port of entry. Where a PSIC applies, the inspection happens before the container is sealed and has to be scheduled with the loading date.
From How to import metal scrap into India: PSIC, HS codes and the document flow
What HS code is used to import nickel alloy scrap into India?
Nickel alloy scrap is classified under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. Stainless steel scrap uses 7204.21, titanium scrap 8108.30 and tungsten carbide scrap 8101.97. These are six-digit international headings; the Indian tariff line adds further digits, so confirm the full line with your customs broker before the contract is signed.
From How to import metal scrap into India: PSIC, HS codes and the document flow
What documents does an Indian buyer need from a scrap supplier?
A commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, certificate of origin, pre-shipment inspection certificate and radiation-free certificate. Add grade evidence such as a PMI report and photographs, and a decontamination declaration for scrap from chemical or oil and gas plants. Every document should describe the same grade, form, weight and container numbers.
From How to import metal scrap into India: PSIC, HS codes and the document flow
Does the PSIC prove the alloy grade of the scrap?
No. The PSIC confirms that the consignment is genuine metallic scrap and free of explosive and radioactive material, and records radiation readings at the inspection site. It does not certify whether a lot is Inconel 625, Hastelloy C-276 or 316 stainless. Grade is proved separately, with XRF or OES readings, a lab analysis or traceable mill certificates, as agreed in the contract.
From How to import metal scrap into India: PSIC, HS codes and the document flow
Who pays for the pre-shipment inspection?
The contract decides. In practice the party closest to the loading point often arranges the agency visit, but the cost can sit with either side. Write it down, together with what happens if the inspection is delayed or the inspector cannot attend on the loading date, because a missed inspection usually means a missed vessel and extra container charges.
From How to import metal scrap into India: PSIC, HS codes and the document flow
Can nickel alloy turnings be imported into India?
Yes, turnings are metallic scrap and are imported under the same headings as solids of the same alloy, such as HS 7503.00 for nickel alloy turnings. They need more care: agree a sampling plan and composite analysis, and ship them dry and oil-free. Check the current DGFT conditions for the form of scrap and the port of entry before you book.
From How to import metal scrap into India: PSIC, HS codes and the document flow
What happens if an imported scrap lot does not match its documents?
The consignment can be held for examination while customs checks the mismatch, which adds port and container charges and may lead to further action. Common causes are mixed grades declared as one, weights that do not reconcile and residues or sealed items. Sorting by grade, proving it with readings and describing the lot exactly avoid most of these problems.
From How to import metal scrap into India: PSIC, HS codes and the document flow
Is Inconel scrap worth more than stainless steel scrap?
Generally, yes. Most Inconel grades are nickel-base, with roughly 50–76% nickel, while 304 and 316 stainless carry about 9–11%. Many Inconel grades also contain payable molybdenum, niobium or cobalt. The gap in an actual offer depends on the grade, form, condition and market on the day, which is why it pays to keep any stainless steel out of an Inconel lot rather than letting it dilute the whole consignment.
From How to sell Inconel scrap: grades, preparation, proof and what a buyer needs
Can I sell a small quantity of Inconel scrap?
Yes. Small quantities sell more easily when they are one grade, clean and clearly labelled, so they can be added to a larger lot of the same alloy. Keep each grade in its own bag or drum, note the weight, and photograph any markings. If you produce small amounts regularly, storing them by grade until you have a consolidated lot usually costs less to handle than selling many mixed bags.
From How to sell Inconel scrap: grades, preparation, proof and what a buyer needs
Do I need an XRF report to sell Inconel scrap?
Not always, but it helps. Markings, certificates and photographs can support an indicative offer, and the buyer will usually confirm the grade on receipt or at inspection. Readings that show element values, not just a grade name, let a buyer make a firmer offer earlier. For turnings, a composite analysis from several sampling points carries more weight than a single reading.
From How to sell Inconel scrap: grades, preparation, proof and what a buyer needs
How should Inconel turnings be packed for sale?
Pack them dry, in closed drums, bags or bins of one grade each, labelled with the grade, the source machine or job and the weight. Drain or centrifuge the coolant first, crush long, stringy swarf, and pick out carbide inserts. Keep titanium and stainless chips well away. Wet or oily drums lose weight and value, and an unlabelled drum is treated as unknown material.
From How to sell Inconel scrap: grades, preparation, proof and what a buyer needs
What happens if the buyer's reading differs from mine?
Agree the answer before the lot moves. A good contract states which instrument or method decides the grade, how many pieces or samples are checked, and what happens to pieces that read differently, for example whether they are returned, re-graded or priced separately. Keeping your own records with element values makes any discussion faster, because both sides can compare the same elements.
From How to sell Inconel scrap: grades, preparation, proof and what a buyer needs
Can weld-overlaid or clad Inconel pipe be sold?
Yes, as clad or overlaid pipe, declared as such. The carbon steel pipe is usually most of the weight and the 625 layer is valued on what it contains, so it is a different product from solid 625 pipe. Say which surface carries the alloy, give the base pipe material and, if known, the layer thickness. Mixing it into a solid pipe lot is a common cause of rejected lots.
From How to sell Inconel scrap: grades, preparation, proof and what a buyer needs
Is used Inconel from service worth less than new offcuts?
The chemistry is the same, but service scrap often carries oxide, deposits, coatings or attachments, and has usually lost its markings and certificates. That adds cleaning and identification work for the buyer. Clean it back to metal where practical, remove attachments, and back the grade with readings. Well-prepared service scrap can be offered on much the same basis as fabrication offcuts of the same grade.
From How to sell Inconel scrap: grades, preparation, proof and what a buyer needs
Are turbine blades valuable as scrap?
Yes. Blades and vanes are cast from nickel superalloys containing cobalt, tungsten, tantalum, hafnium and sometimes rhenium, so sorted blade scrap is worth well above ordinary nickel scrap. That value depends on proof of alloy. A mixed, unidentified box is worth far less than the same weight sorted by alloy with part numbers and readings, because only sorted material can return to its own alloy.
From Turbine blade scrap: sorting and selling aero and IGT blades, vanes and nozzles
What is the difference between a bucket and a blade?
Nothing metallurgical. Bucket is the term used for rotating turbine blades in industrial gas turbines, while blade is the usual aero engine term. In the same way, nozzle is the industrial term for a stationary vane. For scrap purposes, what matters is the alloy, the stage and whether the part is coated or repaired, not the name.
From Turbine blade scrap: sorting and selling aero and IGT blades, vanes and nozzles
Can blades from different engines be mixed in one lot?
Not if you want full value. Different engine and turbine models use different alloys, and even one model may use different alloys in different stages. Mixing them produces a chemistry that matches no foundry alloy, so the lot has to be analysed and usually sold into a lower-value route. Keep each engine type, stage and alloy in its own container.
From Turbine blade scrap: sorting and selling aero and IGT blades, vanes and nozzles
Are some turbine vanes cobalt-base rather than nickel-base?
Yes. Some vanes and nozzle segments are cast from cobalt-base superalloys rather than nickel-base ones. On an analyser they read cobalt as the main element. They go to a different melt, belong under a different tariff heading and must never be mixed with nickel-base blades. Check every vane lot for its base element before it is described.
From Turbine blade scrap: sorting and selling aero and IGT blades, vanes and nozzles
Why do buyers ask for photographs of turbine blades?
Photographs show the part type, stage, size, coating colour, repairs, damage and any legible part numbers, which together narrow the alloy before anyone tests it. They also let a buyer spot loose hardware, mixed parts or heavy deposits. Take an overview of each container and close-ups of markings, coated surfaces and any repaired areas.
From Turbine blade scrap: sorting and selling aero and IGT blades, vanes and nozzles
Do single-crystal blades always contain rhenium?
No. First-generation single-crystal alloys carry no rhenium, while second-generation alloys such as René N5 carry about 3% and third-generation alloys more. Because the blades look alike and handheld XRF cannot measure rhenium reliably, treat single-crystal blades as possibly rhenium-bearing and keep them apart until a laboratory analysis settles it.
From Turbine blade scrap: sorting and selling aero and IGT blades, vanes and nozzles
Can damaged or burnt turbine blades still be sold?
Yes. Burnt tips, erosion, cracks and impact damage reduce the weight of metal but do not change the alloy, so damaged blades are sold by alloy like any other. Remove loose debris and hardware, and declare heavy deposits or repairs, which matter more to a melter than the damage itself.
From Turbine blade scrap: sorting and selling aero and IGT blades, vanes and nozzles
Is Hastelloy scrap magnetic?
No. Hastelloy C-276, C-22, B-2 and X are all non-magnetic, so a magnet cannot separate them from Inconel or austenitic stainless steel. A magnet is still useful for one job on Hastelloy lots: finding carbon steel. If the back face or cut edge of a plate pulls hard, it is probably lined or clad material, which must be declared and sold separately.
From Selling Hastelloy scrap: how to sort, prove and prepare C-276, C-22, B-2 and X
Can Hastelloy C-276 and C-22 scrap be sold together?
They can, but the lot is then valued as a mixture, because the buyer cannot be sure of the melt chemistry. Kept apart, each grade is credited for its own chromium, molybdenum and tungsten. Separating solids by XRF is quick; separating mixed turnings afterwards is not possible, so segregate at the machine.
From Selling Hastelloy scrap: how to sort, prove and prepare C-276, C-22, B-2 and X
What is the difference between Hastelloy B-2 and B-3 scrap?
Both are nickel-molybdenum alloys made for hydrochloric acid service. B-3 (UNS N10675) is a later grade developed to stay more stable during welding and fabrication. On a handheld XRF they read very similarly, so markings and certificates are the practical way to tell them apart. Record the UNS number from any stencil you find.
From Selling Hastelloy scrap: how to sort, prove and prepare C-276, C-22, B-2 and X
Does scrubber scrap need to be cleaned before sale?
Yes. Flue-gas scrubber sheet usually carries gypsum, fly ash and acidic deposits that add weight and can contaminate a melt. Scrape or wash it off, remove gaskets and insulation, and expect the buyer to ask for a written decontamination declaration for anything that came out of chemical or pollution-control service.
From Selling Hastelloy scrap: how to sort, prove and prepare C-276, C-22, B-2 and X
Is Hastelloy weld wire or filler rod traded as scrap?
Yes. Spool ends, short rods and unused filler wire in matching Hastelloy chemistries are traded, provided they are kept by grade and free of plastic spools and packaging. Labels on the spool or carton are good evidence of grade. See nickel alloy wire scrap for how wire lots are prepared.
From Selling Hastelloy scrap: how to sort, prove and prepare C-276, C-22, B-2 and X
Is Hastelloy the same as Inconel?
No. Both are nickel-base trade names, but the common Hastelloy grades are built around molybdenum, and in the C-grades tungsten too, for resistance to reducing acids and chlorides. Most Inconel grades are nickel-chromium alloys aimed at heat and oxidation resistance. The Inconel vs Hastelloy comparison sets out the differences.
From Selling Hastelloy scrap: how to sort, prove and prepare C-276, C-22, B-2 and X
What HS code does Hastelloy scrap ship under?
Hastelloy is a nickel alloy, so its scrap is normally classified under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. National tariff lines add further digits, so confirm the full code with your customs broker. The other documents usually needed are covered in export documents for alloy scrap.
From Selling Hastelloy scrap: how to sort, prove and prepare C-276, C-22, B-2 and X
What HS code is used for nickel alloy scrap exported from India?
Nickel alloy scrap is exported under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. Duplex and other stainless scrap use 7204.21, and titanium scrap 8108.30. These six-digit headings are harmonised internationally, but each country adds its own tariff digits, so confirm the full line at your end with your customs broker before the contract is signed.
From Buying from a nickel alloy scrap supplier in India: a guide for overseas buyers
Can scrap be inspected before loading in India?
Yes. Overseas buyers commonly appoint an inspection agency to witness testing, weighing and container loading in India. Agree the scope in the contract: how many pieces or samples are checked, which instrument is used, what happens to a piece that fails and who pays for re-testing. The inspector should photograph the loaded container and record the seal number.
From Buying from a nickel alloy scrap supplier in India: a guide for overseas buyers
Which grades are commonly offered by Indian suppliers?
Incoloy 825, Inconel 625 and 600, Hastelloy C-276, Monel 400, duplex and super duplex are commonly offered as pipe, plate and offcuts from process plants. Machine shops add Inconel 718 and titanium Grade 5 turnings. Availability changes with plant shutdown schedules, so ask suppliers what they hold now rather than relying on a standing list.
From Buying from a nickel alloy scrap supplier in India: a guide for overseas buyers
What documents come with an export shipment?
A commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading and certificate of origin, plus a radiation-free certificate where the destination requires one and the identification record agreed with the buyer, such as an XRF reading sheet or lab analysis. Photographs of the loaded container are also worth asking for, because they record packing and condition at the point of loading.
From Buying from a nickel alloy scrap supplier in India: a guide for overseas buyers
Should I buy Indian nickel alloy scrap FOB or CIF?
Buy FOB if you have your own freight arrangements and want control over the vessel, routing and timing. Buy CFR or CIF if you ship occasionally and prefer the seller to book the freight. Under CIF the seller also arranges marine insurance. Ask every supplier to quote on the same Incoterm so the offers can be compared.
From Buying from a nickel alloy scrap supplier in India: a guide for overseas buyers
How do I avoid receiving mixed grades from an overseas supplier?
Specify one grade per package in the contract, ask for a piece-by-piece reading sheet linked to package numbers, and appoint an inspector to witness identification and loading if the lot is valuable. Set a clear acceptance rule and dispute method before shipment, so an off-grade piece found on arrival has an agreed consequence.
From Buying from a nickel alloy scrap supplier in India: a guide for overseas buyers
What minimum quantity is normal for nickel alloy scrap from India?
There is no fixed minimum, but most export lots are sized around a full container, because freight and documentation cost roughly the same whether the container is full or not. Dense solids can reach the container payload limit before the box looks full. Smaller lots of high-value grades are sometimes shipped consolidated with other material.
From Buying from a nickel alloy scrap supplier in India: a guide for overseas buyers
Is Monel scrap worth more than stainless steel scrap?
Generally yes. Monel is about two-thirds nickel, while common stainless grades such as 304 and 316 carry about 9 to 11 per cent nickel on an iron base. Because nickel drives most of the value in both, identified Monel lots are valued well above stainless. Mixing them throws that difference away.
From Monel scrap: 400 vs K-500, how to identify it and how to sell it
Is Monel K-500 scrap worth more than Monel 400?
Not automatically. Both carry similar nickel and copper, which set most of the value. What matters more is that each is correctly identified and kept separate, because the aluminium and titanium in K-500 suit some melts and not others. A confirmed single-grade lot of either is easier to place than a mixture of the two.
From Monel scrap: 400 vs K-500, how to identify it and how to sell it
What is Monel R-405 and is it sold separately?
R-405 (UNS N04405) is the free-machining version of Monel 400, with extra sulfur that helps chips break on automatic screw machines. Its scrap, mainly bar ends and turnings, should be declared as R-405 rather than plain 400, because sulfur is controlled in many nickel alloy melts. Markings on bar stock are the usual evidence.
From Monel scrap: 400 vs K-500, how to identify it and how to sell it
Can Monel scrap be mixed with Inconel or Hastelloy scrap?
No. Monel brings about 30 per cent copper, and most Inconel and Hastelloy melts have tight copper limits. A few Monel pieces in a nickel-chromium lot can put a heat out of specification, so the whole lot may be marked down. Keep Monel in its own bins and read any doubtful piece before it goes in.
From Monel scrap: 400 vs K-500, how to identify it and how to sell it
Is Monel a type of stainless steel?
No. Monel is a nickel-base alloy with copper as the main addition and no chromium. Stainless steel is iron-base with at least 10.5 per cent chromium. They resist corrosion in different ways, are melted by different buyers and ship under different HS headings. The nickel alloy vs stainless steel comparison explains the difference.
From Monel scrap: 400 vs K-500, how to identify it and how to sell it
Does Monel from a refinery HF unit need special handling?
Yes. Material from hydrofluoric acid alkylation service can hold acid residues in scale, crevices and dead legs. It should be cleaned and released by the plant, and buyers will normally ask for a written decontamination declaration before collection. Describe the source honestly so the buyer can plan handling.
From Monel scrap: 400 vs K-500, how to identify it and how to sell it
What HS code is used for Monel scrap?
Monel is a nickel alloy, so its scrap is normally classified under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap, rather than as copper scrap. National tariff lines add further digits, so confirm with your customs broker. See export documents for alloy scrap for the rest of the paperwork.
From Monel scrap: 400 vs K-500, how to identify it and how to sell it
Is titanium scrap magnetic?
No. All titanium grades, commercially pure and Grade 5 alike, are non-magnetic, so a magnet will not separate titanium from nickel alloys, austenitic stainless steel or aluminium. A magnet only removes carbon steel and ferritic pieces from a titanium lot. Density, an analyser reading or the markings on the material are what confirm titanium and its grade.
From Titanium scrap: how Grade 2 and Grade 5 solids and turnings are sold
How can I tell titanium from stainless steel or aluminium without an analyser?
Weight is the first clue. Titanium is about 4.5 g/cm³, so it feels much lighter than stainless steel of the same size but clearly heavier than aluminium. On a grinding wheel titanium throws bright white sparks, unlike the orange sparks of steel. These checks confirm titanium, not its grade, so an XRF reading or paperwork is still needed before sale.
From Titanium scrap: how Grade 2 and Grade 5 solids and turnings are sold
Is Grade 5 titanium scrap worth more than Grade 2?
It depends on the market and on each lot. Grade 5 is wanted for remelting into Ti-6Al-4V, which already contains its aluminium and vanadium, while CP grades are wanted for their purity. Each grade is offered separately, and a clean, well-documented lot of either can be worth more than a mixed or doubtful lot of the other.
From Titanium scrap: how Grade 2 and Grade 5 solids and turnings are sold
What is Grade 23 titanium scrap?
Grade 23 is Ti-6Al-4V ELI, an extra-low-interstitial version of Grade 5 with tighter limits on oxygen and other interstitial elements. It is used mainly for medical implants and some aerospace parts. On a handheld analyser it looks the same as Grade 5, so only certificates or a laboratory analysis prove it. Declare it separately when your paperwork supports it.
From Titanium scrap: how Grade 2 and Grade 5 solids and turnings are sold
Can painted, anodised or coated titanium parts be sold?
Yes, but declare the surface. Anodising is a thin oxide film and adds little, while paint, sealants, dry-film lubricants and plating add carbon and foreign elements a melter must deal with. Keep coated parts out of clean solids, photograph them and tell the buyer what the coating is, so the lot is offered on the right basis.
From Titanium scrap: how Grade 2 and Grade 5 solids and turnings are sold
Do I need a certificate to sell titanium scrap?
Not always, but it helps a great deal. Grade 5 and the palladium grades can be confirmed by analyser, but Grade 1 and Grade 2 differ mainly in oxygen, which handheld XRF cannot read. A mill certificate, tube printing or a laboratory analysis is often the only practical proof of a CP grade, and it lets a buyer place the lot without testing it first.
From Titanium scrap: how Grade 2 and Grade 5 solids and turnings are sold
Can titanium grinding dust and fines be sold?
Sometimes, to specialist processors, but they are handled very differently from turnings. Fines and dust carry high oxygen, are often mixed with abrasive, and are a serious fire and dust-explosion risk. Keep them sealed, dry and fully apart from turnings and solids, label them clearly, and describe them honestly in any enquiry so the buyer can judge whether they can take them.
From Titanium scrap: how Grade 2 and Grade 5 solids and turnings are sold
Do I need to test my scrap before contacting a buyer?
It is not essential, but it helps. Analyser readings or matching mill certificates reduce the buyer's uncertainty, which usually means a firmer offer with fewer conditions. If you cannot test, give the buyer what you have: photographs of markings, purchase records, drawings or the equipment the material came from. A good buyer will tell you what further evidence would change the offer.
From How to choose a nickel alloy scrap buyer: a 7-point checklist
Is it better to sell nickel alloy scrap directly to a melter?
Sometimes. A melter that makes your exact grade can credit every element in it, but melters usually want large, consistent, well-documented lots and apply strict acceptance tests at their gate. Smaller or mixed lots often go through a specialist buyer or trader who consolidates material by grade and supplies melters with the quantities and evidence they require.
From How to choose a nickel alloy scrap buyer: a 7-point checklist
Should I accept the buyer's XRF reading on my scrap?
Accept it when you can see the element values behind it and they agree with your own evidence. If the buyer's grade call differs from yours, ask for the full readings and compare them element by element. Handheld XRF struggles with light elements such as aluminium and titanium, so disagreements on superalloys are best settled by OES or laboratory analysis agreed in advance.
From How to choose a nickel alloy scrap buyer: a 7-point checklist
Can a buyer reject a lot after delivery?
Yes, if the material does not match its description, for example off-grade pieces, heavy oil, undeclared coatings or attachments. A written agreement should say what happens then: a deduction for off-grade pieces, regrading the lot, or returning it at whose cost. Agreeing this before dispatch, and describing your lot accurately, is what protects you.
From How to choose a nickel alloy scrap buyer: a 7-point checklist
How should aerospace nickel alloy scrap be offered to a buyer?
Aerospace scrap should stay one alloy per container and carry its release records, including confirmation that service parts were made unusable before release. Buyers expect part numbers or specifications where they are legible. Because aerospace grades such as 718 and cast superalloys are valued on their full composition, traceability matters more here than in most scrap streams; see the guide to chemical plant and aerospace scrap.
From How to choose a nickel alloy scrap buyer: a 7-point checklist
How many buyers should I ask for an offer?
Enough to see a pattern, usually a few specialists who quote grade by grade. Give each the same description, readings and photographs, so the offers are comparable. Then compare them on the same basis: weight basis, delivery point, deductions and payment timing, not just the headline number. A buyer whose terms are clear is often the better choice over a slightly higher but vaguer figure.
From How to choose a nickel alloy scrap buyer: a 7-point checklist
What information should I send to a nickel alloy scrap buyer?
Send the grade and form for each part of the lot, the weight by grade, the location, photographs of the material and its markings, any analyser readings with element values, and certificates with heat numbers. Say how the material is packed and whether turnings are dry. A complete first message saves rounds of questions and leads to a firmer offer.
From How to choose a nickel alloy scrap buyer: a 7-point checklist
Is duplex stainless steel scrap classed as nickel scrap?
No. Duplex is an iron-base stainless steel with about 5.5 to 7 per cent nickel, so it is traded and shipped as stainless steel scrap under HS 7204.21. Nickel alloys such as Inconel and Monel, which are nickel-base, ship under HS 7503.00. Describing duplex as nickel scrap would mislead a buyer and could cause customs problems.
From Duplex stainless steel scrap: identifying and selling 2205, 2507 and S32760
Can S31803 and S32205 scrap be sold as one lot?
Yes. S31803 is the original UNS number for duplex 2205 and S32205 is a later version with tighter limits on chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen. Most mills certify material to both, and handheld XRF cannot measure nitrogen, so the two are traded together as 2205. Record whichever number appears on the markings.
From Duplex stainless steel scrap: identifying and selling 2205, 2507 and S32760
Is lean duplex scrap valued like 2205?
Usually not. Lean duplex grades such as 2101 and 2304 carry well under 1 per cent molybdenum, so they lack much of the molybdenum that gives 2205 its extra value. They are still magnetic, so they end up in the same suspect pile. Read molybdenum on every magnetic piece and keep lean duplex as its own lot.
From Duplex stainless steel scrap: identifying and selling 2205, 2507 and S32760
Why does duplex scrap sometimes get a lower offer than 316?
Because standard duplex carries less nickel than 316, and a buyer who prices stainless purely on nickel will see it as a low-nickel grade. The chromium and molybdenum in duplex are only credited by buyers who can use them, and only when the grade is proved. Selling identified duplex as its own lot is how you reach those buyers.
From Duplex stainless steel scrap: identifying and selling 2205, 2507 and S32760
Does welding or heat damage change how duplex scrap is valued?
Not much for remelting. Welds, heat-affected zones and service damage can change the phase balance and properties of duplex, which matters for reuse but not for a melt shop, which only needs the chemistry. Keep welded spools clean of carbon steel and filler from other alloys, and the lot is valued on its grade.
From Duplex stainless steel scrap: identifying and selling 2205, 2507 and S32760
Can I use the duplex grade from the piping drawings?
Use drawings as a guide to where to look, not as proof. Repairs and substitutions over a plant’s life often put a different grade into a line than the drawing shows, especially in flanges and valves. Read each piece, record F-numbers from forgings and send those readings; buyers trust measured values over design documents.
From Duplex stainless steel scrap: identifying and selling 2205, 2507 and S32760
Does Inconel rust?
Inconel does not form the flaky red rust you see on carbon steel, because its chromium and nickel protect the surface. Service pieces may carry dark oxide from high temperature, or brown staining from contact with carbon steel or process deposits. Stainless steel also resists rusting, so the absence of rust tells you the piece is not plain carbon steel, but it does not tell you the piece is Inconel.
From How to identify Inconel scrap: is it Inconel, stainless or something else?
What does N07718 on a part mean?
N07718 is the UNS number for Inconel 718. The N prefix marks a nickel alloy, and the five digits identify the specific alloy. On aerospace parts it may appear with an AMS specification such as AMS 5662 or 5663; on bar and forgings for other industries, with ASTM B637. The marking tells you what the part was made from, and a reading confirms that nothing has been mixed up since.
From How to identify Inconel scrap: is it Inconel, stainless or something else?
How accurate is a handheld XRF on Inconel?
On a clean, flat spot, handheld XRF reads the elements that separate Inconel grades well: nickel, chromium, iron, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt and tungsten. It cannot measure carbon, and it reads aluminium poorly without a light-element setup, which matters for 601 and cast grades such as 713C. Paint, scale and coatings distort results, so prepare the spot, and check element values rather than relying on the grade call alone.
From How to identify Inconel scrap: is it Inconel, stainless or something else?
Can I identify Inconel turnings without an analyser?
Only partly. A magnet removes carbon steel chips, and knowing which job and machine produced them is strong evidence of the grade. But stainless and Inconel chips look alike, and cold-worked stainless chips can be slightly magnetic. For sale, a buyer will normally want readings on several samples or a composite analysis. Keeping chips in labelled bins at each machine is the most reliable identification you can do.
From How to identify Inconel scrap: is it Inconel, stainless or something else?
Is Inconel 825 really Inconel?
No. The alloy traded as "Inconel 825" is Incoloy 825, UNS N08825, an iron-nickel-chromium alloy with about 42% nickel, 30% iron, 3% molybdenum and 2.25% copper. It is a useful corrosion alloy with its own scrap value, but it reads very differently from any Inconel on XRF. Describing it as Incoloy 825 avoids confusion and tells a buyer the rest of your description can be trusted.
From How to identify Inconel scrap: is it Inconel, stainless or something else?
My analyser says Inconel 625 but the seller says Hastelloy. Who is right?
Check the separating elements. Inconel 625 shows about 3.6% niobium, no tungsten and about 9% molybdenum. Hastelloy C-276 shows about 16% molybdenum and 3.75% tungsten with no niobium, and C-22 shows about 13% molybdenum and 22% chromium. If the readings match 625, the piece is 625 whatever the label says. If they sit between grades, clean the spot, reread, and consider OES or a laboratory check.
From How to identify Inconel scrap: is it Inconel, stainless or something else?
Can handheld XRF tell 316 stainless steel from Inconel?
Yes, immediately. Stainless steel 316 is iron-based, with about 68% iron, 17% chromium, 11% nickel and 2.2% molybdenum nominally. Inconel grades are nickel-based, with nickel typically above 50%. A single reading shows which metal dominates, which is why XRF settles the question a magnet cannot, since both are non-magnetic.
From XRF nickel alloy identification: how handheld XRF sorts scrap by grade
Can XRF read a grade through paint or coatings?
No. XRF reads only a thin surface layer, so paint, oxide scale, aluminide coatings and plating dominate the result. Grind or file a small spot down to bare metal before testing. On coated turbine blades, the coating chemistry can be quite different from the base alloy, so an unprepared reading can name the wrong alloy entirely.
From XRF nickel alloy identification: how handheld XRF sorts scrap by grade
Does a reading that says "Inconel 625" prove the piece is 625?
It is strong evidence, not proof on its own. The name is a library match, so check that the separating elements fit: about 9% molybdenum, about 3.6% niobium and iron below 5% nominally. If those fit, the call is reliable for trade. If the match quality is weak, retest on a cleaner spot.
From XRF nickel alloy identification: how handheld XRF sorts scrap by grade
Can handheld XRF detect lead and other tramp elements?
It can detect lead and similar elements at moderate levels, which helps catch solder or leaded brass mixed into a lot. It cannot measure them at the parts-per-million limits that superalloy melters apply. Those limits need laboratory methods, as the tramp elements article explains.
From XRF nickel alloy identification: how handheld XRF sorts scrap by grade
Can XRF identify cast superalloy turbine blades?
It narrows them down well, because nickel, cobalt, chromium, tungsten, tantalum and molybdenum all read. The trouble is aluminium, hafnium and rhenium, and the fact that many cast alloys are missing from standard grade libraries. Blades are usually sorted by XRF, then confirmed by OES or a laboratory; see selling turbine blade scrap.
From XRF nickel alloy identification: how handheld XRF sorts scrap by grade
Why do two XRF analysers give slightly different readings on the same piece?
Small differences come from calibration, test time, surface preparation and where on the piece each reading was taken. For grade identification they rarely matter, because separating elements differ by several per cent. Larger differences usually mean one reading was taken on a coating, a weld or a dirty spot.
From XRF nickel alloy identification: how handheld XRF sorts scrap by grade
Is handheld XRF accurate enough for nickel alloy scrap trading?
For the main elements in wrought nickel alloys, yes. It is the standard tool for naming grades and checking lots piece by piece. Where carbon, aluminium or trace elements decide the grade or the value, buyers add spark OES or laboratory analysis on a representative sample.
From XRF nickel alloy identification: how handheld XRF sorts scrap by grade
Is OES more accurate than XRF?
For carbon and light elements such as aluminium and silicon, yes, because XRF cannot read carbon and reads light elements poorly. For the main metals in nickel alloys, both are accurate enough to identify the grade. The useful question is not which is more accurate overall, but which one measures the element that decides your grade.
From XRF vs OES vs lab analysis: choosing a test for nickel alloy scrap
Can XRF replace laboratory analysis for scrap?
For sorting wrought nickel alloy solids by grade, usually yes. It cannot replace a laboratory when a contract needs certified lot chemistry, when carbon, sulfur or trace elements matter, or when the alloy contains rhenium. Superalloy revert buyers in particular often confirm incoming lots in a laboratory.
From XRF vs OES vs lab analysis: choosing a test for nickel alloy scrap
Does spark OES damage the material?
It leaves a small burn mark on a ground flat spot. For scrap going to a furnace this does not matter. For surplus pipe, bar or plate that might be resold for use, the ground spot and burn mark may need to be agreed with the buyer or tested in an inconspicuous place.
From XRF vs OES vs lab analysis: choosing a test for nickel alloy scrap
Can spark OES test turnings?
Not directly in their loose form, because the spark needs a solid, flat surface. Turnings are usually tested by XRF on several compacted samples and by laboratory ICP-OES on a dried composite. The composite should be dried and mixed well before it is split.
From XRF vs OES vs lab analysis: choosing a test for nickel alloy scrap
What does ICP stand for in ICP-OES?
Inductively coupled plasma. A dissolved sample is sprayed into an argon plasma heated by a radio-frequency coil, and the light emitted by each element is measured. It is a laboratory method, unlike spark OES, which works directly on solid metal.
From XRF vs OES vs lab analysis: choosing a test for nickel alloy scrap
Which testing standards apply to XRF and OES for nickel alloys?
ASTM E2465 covers laboratory wavelength-dispersive XRF of nickel-base alloys, ASTM E3047 covers spark OES of nickel alloys, ASTM E1019 covers carbon and sulfur by combustion, and ASTM E1476 is a general guide to identifying and sorting metals. See the testing standards page.
From XRF vs OES vs lab analysis: choosing a test for nickel alloy scrap
How long does laboratory analysis of a scrap sample take?
It depends on the laboratory, the number of elements and the time taken to send the sample. Expect days rather than minutes. That delay is why lots are usually sorted and checked by XRF first, with a laboratory sample taken in parallel for the elements XRF cannot see.
From XRF vs OES vs lab analysis: choosing a test for nickel alloy scrap
Is PMI required by law to sell nickel alloy scrap?
Generally no; PMI for scrap is a commercial expectation rather than a legal requirement in most markets. Serious buyers expect grade evidence, though, and a lot with a clear PMI record is easier to price and less likely to be disputed than one sold on description alone. Check the terms of any contract you sign.
From Positive material identification (PMI) for nickel alloy scrap lots
Who should carry out PMI on a scrap lot?
The seller, the buyer or an independent inspection company, depending on what the contract says. Seller testing is common for routine lots. For export and larger lots, buyers often appoint an independent inspector to witness testing at loading, and agree in advance that the inspector's results govern if the two sides disagree.
From Positive material identification (PMI) for nickel alloy scrap lots
How long is a PMI report valid?
A PMI report describes the material at the time it was tested. It stays meaningful only while the tested pieces remain identifiable and the lot is not mixed with other material. If a lot is re-sorted, combined or left untagged, the old report no longer speaks for it and a fresh check is needed.
From Positive material identification (PMI) for nickel alloy scrap lots
Can PMI detect the difference between 316 and 316L?
Not with handheld XRF, because the two differ mainly in carbon, which XRF cannot measure. Spark OES or laboratory combustion analysis is needed. For most scrap trading the distinction matters less than it does for new material, but if a buyer specifies low-carbon grades, agree the method in advance.
From Positive material identification (PMI) for nickel alloy scrap lots
What is the difference between PMI and an XRF test?
An XRF test is one measurement. PMI is the whole verification: the sampling plan, a checked instrument, readings tied to identified pieces, a decision for each piece and a written record. An XRF reading can be part of PMI, but a reading with no record of which piece it came from is not PMI.
From Positive material identification (PMI) for nickel alloy scrap lots
Does PMI apply to turnings?
Yes, but in a different form. Because one reading covers only the chips under the analyser, PMI on turnings means readings from several depths in each drum or bag, plus a laboratory analysis of a dried composite. The record should state how the composite was built so a buyer can judge how representative it is.
From Positive material identification (PMI) for nickel alloy scrap lots
Is a mill test certificate the same as an EN 10204 3.1 certificate?
Not always. "Mill test certificate" (MTC) and "mill test report" (MTR) are general names for the paperwork that ships with metal. The document could be a 2.2 test report, a 3.1 or a 3.2 inspection certificate. Look for the EN 10204 type printed on the certificate itself. Only types 3.1 and 3.2 report tests on the actual heat and carry an inspector’s validation independent of production.
From How to read an EN 10204 3.1 certificate for nickel alloy scrap
Can a scrap seller issue an EN 10204 3.1 certificate?
No. A 3.1 certificate can only come from the manufacturer of the product, because it reports that manufacturer’s tests on the heat it made. A scrap seller can pass on copies of the original certificates, and can add a PMI report or laboratory analysis of the scrap itself. Those are separate documents and should be labelled as such, never presented as a mill certificate.
From How to read an EN 10204 3.1 certificate for nickel alloy scrap
What is a heat number on nickel alloy pipe or plate?
A heat number, also called a cast number, identifies a single melt of metal. All the product made from that melt shares the chemistry reported on its certificate. The mill marks the heat number on the pipe, plate or bar by stencil, ink-jet or stamp, and it is the only reliable link between a piece of metal and its paperwork.
From How to read an EN 10204 3.1 certificate for nickel alloy scrap
Does a 3.1 certificate expire?
No. A 3.1 certificate describes a heat at the time of manufacture and has no expiry date. What fades is its usefulness. Once markings are cut off, painted over or worn away, or the metal has been repaired and overlaid in service, the certificate no longer tells you much about the piece in front of you.
From How to read an EN 10204 3.1 certificate for nickel alloy scrap
What if my XRF reading does not match the certificate chemistry?
Small differences are normal, because handheld XRF and mill laboratory analysis are different methods. Clean the test spot and look at the elements that define the grade. If one of those is clearly wrong, such as low niobium on a piece certified as Inconel 625, trust the metal and take a laboratory sample. See XRF, OES or laboratory analysis.
From How to read an EN 10204 3.1 certificate for nickel alloy scrap
Do I need mill certificates to sell nickel alloy scrap?
No. Most nickel alloy scrap is bought on the evidence of testing, not paperwork. Certificates help most with clean fabrication offcuts whose heat numbers are still legible, because they back up the readings. If you have none, describe the grade, form and quantity with photographs and readings on the sell your scrap page and the enquiry can still be reviewed.
From How to read an EN 10204 3.1 certificate for nickel alloy scrap
What does 3.1.B mean on an old certificate?
3.1.B is a certificate type from the 1991 edition of EN 10204. The 2004 revision simplified the list to 2.1, 2.2, 3.1 and 3.2, folding the old 3.1 sub-types into the single type 3.1. A certificate marked 3.1.B is still an inspection certificate on the actual heat, so read it with the same checks as a current 3.1.
From How to read an EN 10204 3.1 certificate for nickel alloy scrap
Is there a daily nickel alloy scrap price I can look up?
Not one that fits your lot. Trade publications track some grades in some regions, but each assessment covers a defined grade, form and delivery point, and is usually sold by subscription. Your lot's value also depends on its proof, condition, size and terms, so a published figure is at best a reference point. A firm offer based on your actual material is the only number you can rely on.
Is nickel alloy scrap priced per kilogram, per tonne or per pound?
All three are used, depending on the market and the buyer. Indian and many Asian trades quote per kilogram or tonne, while North American trade often quotes per pound. Always confirm the unit, and whether the price is per gross weight or per net weight after deductions. The site's unit converter turns pounds into kilograms and tonnes quickly.
Can a buyer pay for the cobalt in superalloy scrap?
Yes, if the buyer can use it. A melter remelting the same superalloy reuses its cobalt in full, so cobalt can earn credit alongside nickel. A buyer feeding a stainless or general alloy melt has little use for it. Cobalt-bearing superalloys such as René N5, MAR-M 247 and Nimonic C-263 carry from about 7.5% to 20% cobalt nominally, so this question is worth asking whenever you sell turbine or high-temperature alloy scrap.
Why does a buyer ask for photographs before quoting?
Photographs show what a grade name cannot: the form, the size of pieces, attachments, coatings, oil, rust and how the material is packed. They also show markings and stencils that support the grade. A buyer who can see the lot can quote with a smaller margin for surprises, so clear photographs tend to bring a firmer offer and fewer deductions later.
Should I sell a small lot now or wait until I have more?
It depends on how much you will add and how long it takes. A larger lot of one grade spreads the buyer's fixed costs and can earn a better basis. But while you wait, you carry the market risk and storage, and turnings can deteriorate. If the material is a steady by-product, a regular collection by grade often works better than either.
Does a mill certificate raise the value of scrap?
A mill certificate helps when its heat number can be matched to the pieces in the lot. It then proves the chemistry the metal was made to, which reduces the buyer's risk and testing. A loose bundle of certificates that cannot be linked to specific pieces proves much less. Offcuts and solids keep certificate value better than turnings, where heats are usually mixed.
Why did my offer drop after the buyer received the material?
Usually because the material differed from its description. Common reasons are off-grade pieces found on testing, more oil or moisture than expected, attachments, a lower weight on the buyer's weighbridge, or coatings that were not declared. Agreeing the weight basis, deductions and testing method in writing before shipment, and describing the lot accurately, prevents most of these disputes.
Are nickel alloy turnings worth selling separately from solids?
Yes. Turnings and solids are valued differently, so mixing them helps neither. Solids can be read piece by piece and sold as their grade, while turnings are proved by sampling. Kept apart, each is priced on its own merits; mixed together, the solids are often valued at the turnings basis, and loose solids in a turnings lot can damage crushing equipment.
From Nickel alloy turnings vs solids: why form changes the scrap value
How much oil is acceptable in nickel alloy turnings?
There is no single figure. Each buyer sets its own limit and deducts for oil and moisture above it, often after drying or weighing a sample. The practical aim is turnings that do not drip or leave a film when squeezed, which usually means centrifuging or drying. Ask the buyer for their limit and how they measure it before you ship.
From Nickel alloy turnings vs solids: why form changes the scrap value
Can mixed nickel alloy turnings still be sold?
Yes, but as mixed turnings, and usually valued well below single-grade material, because the buyer has to price for unknown chemistry and blend carefully. Some mixtures are easier to use than others; mixed chips of very different alloys, or chips containing copper-bearing Monel or stainless, are the hardest to place. Declare the mixture honestly rather than risk a claim.
From Nickel alloy turnings vs solids: why form changes the scrap value
Why do buyers ask for a composite sample of turnings?
Because a single chip, or a reading on the surface of a pile, says little about the whole lot. A composite built from many increments across every bag or drum represents the average chemistry. Analysed after melting into a small button, it gives the buyer a reliable grade basis and shows how much oxide and dirt the chips carry.
From Nickel alloy turnings vs solids: why form changes the scrap value
Do Inconel 718 turnings need to be crushed before sale?
Many buyers prefer or require crushed chips, because long, stringy curls are bulky, tangle in handling equipment and are hard to charge to a furnace. Crushing also makes drying and sampling more effective. If you cannot crush, ask the buyer first; some accept uncrushed turnings with a handling deduction, while others decline them. See Inconel 718 solids for the solid form.
From Nickel alloy turnings vs solids: why form changes the scrap value
How should nickel alloy turnings be stored before sale?
Under cover, off the ground and in closed drums or lined bags, one grade per container, each labelled with grade and weight. Keep them away from carbon-steel chips, grinding swarf and general waste. Dry storage limits oxidation and stops rainwater adding weight that will be deducted, and prompt sale means less oxide by the time the chips reach a furnace.
From Nickel alloy turnings vs solids: why form changes the scrap value
Do I need a PSIC to ship nickel alloy scrap to India?
Generally, yes. India generally requires a pre-shipment inspection certificate from a government-recognised inspection agency for imports of metallic waste and scrap, though the procedures have provided alternative arrangements for some origins and ports. Where it applies, the inspection takes place at the loading point before the container is sealed, and confirms the material matches its description and is free of radioactive and explosive material. Check the current DGFT rules for your origin and port of entry before each shipment, because they are amended from time to time.
From Scrap export documents: what to prepare before alloy scrap ships
What HS code is used for Inconel scrap?
Inconel scrap is classified under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap, like other nickel alloys such as Hastelloy, Monel and Incoloy. National tariff lines add further digits, which differ by country, so confirm the full line with your customs broker and use the same code on the invoice, packing list and export declaration.
From Scrap export documents: what to prepare before alloy scrap ships
Is a radiation certificate needed to export scrap?
Many importing countries require a radiation-free certificate for metal scrap, and buyers often ask for one even where it is not mandatory. It should record the survey date and place, the container numbers, background and maximum readings, and the instrument used. Check the destination's rules before shipping.
From Scrap export documents: what to prepare before alloy scrap ships
What is the difference between a packing list and a commercial invoice for scrap?
The commercial invoice is the sales document: it states the goods, HS code, total weight per grade, price basis and Incoterm. The packing list breaks the shipment into packages, with the grade, form and weight of each one. For scrap the packing list matters as much as the invoice, because it lets a buyer trace a disputed piece to a specific bag or stillage.
From Scrap export documents: what to prepare before alloy scrap ships
Who issues the certificate of origin for a scrap export?
A certificate of origin is issued by an authorised body in the exporting country, commonly a chamber of commerce or a designated trade authority, on the exporter's application. Where a preferential trade agreement applies, a specific form may be needed to claim reduced duty. Ask your forwarder which form the destination accepts before you apply.
From Scrap export documents: what to prepare before alloy scrap ships
Can I correct a scrap export document after the shipment has sailed?
Some documents can be amended, but corrections after sailing take time and can delay clearance, and a bill of lading change may need the shipping line's agreement and a fee. It is far simpler to check every document against the others before release. Treat grade description, HS code, weight, container and seal numbers as the five fields that must agree.
From Scrap export documents: what to prepare before alloy scrap ships
Which documents does a buyer need to pay against?
That is set in the contract. Commonly, a balance is paid against copies of the bill of lading, commercial invoice and packing list, often with the PMI report and any inspection certificate. Under a letter of credit, the bank checks the presented documents strictly against the credit terms, so even small spelling or weight differences can hold up payment.
From Scrap export documents: what to prepare before alloy scrap ships
What does the N in a UNS number like N07718 mean?
N is the UNS prefix for nickel and nickel alloys. N07718 is Inconel 718. The other prefixes common in alloy scrap are S for stainless and heat-resisting steels, R for reactive and refractory metals such as titanium, and F for cast irons such as Ni-Resist. The five digits after the letter identify the specific alloy within that family.
From UNS number explained: how the Unified Numbering System names an alloy
Who assigns UNS numbers?
UNS numbers are administered jointly by ASTM International and SAE International. The way numbers are requested and allocated is described in ASTM E527 and SAE J1086. Producers and standards committees request numbers for new compositions, so each established alloy should have one number that is recognised regardless of who makes it or what trade name it is sold under.
From UNS number explained: how the Unified Numbering System names an alloy
How do I find the UNS number for a trade name?
Look up the trade name in the equivalent grade chart or the grade name converter, which list UNS numbers, W.Nr. and aliases for every grade on this site. On new material, the UNS number is usually printed in the marking beside the ASTM specification, and it also appears in the product line of the mill certificate.
From UNS number explained: how the Unified Numbering System names an alloy
Is 904L a stainless steel or a nickel alloy?
In trade, 904L is sold and described as a high-alloy austenitic stainless steel. Its UNS number, however, is N08904, in the nickel series. It carries about 25% nickel, 20% chromium, 4.5% molybdenum and 1.5% copper on an iron base. Quote the UNS number on a lot description so the buyer knows exactly which grade you mean.
From UNS number explained: how the Unified Numbering System names an alloy
Does every alloy have a UNS number?
No. Many cast superalloys used for turbine blades and vanes, such as the René, MAR-M and GTD families, are made to manufacturers’ own specifications and have no commonly used UNS number. They are identified by trade name and chemistry. Some proprietary or very new alloys may also lack a number, or be traded under a producer designation first.
From UNS number explained: how the Unified Numbering System names an alloy
Can a UNS number tell 304 from 304L in scrap?
On paperwork, yes: 304 is S30400 and 304L is S30403, and the difference is the carbon limit. In the metal itself, handheld XRF cannot measure carbon, so the two cannot be told apart that way. Spark OES or laboratory analysis can. For most stainless scrap, the distinction only matters when the material is sold with traceable paperwork.
From UNS number explained: how the Unified Numbering System names an alloy
Is a UNS number enough to describe a scrap lot?
No. The UNS number names the alloy, but a buyer also needs the form, such as solids, pipe or turnings, the quantity, the condition, any coatings or contamination, and the evidence behind the grade. A good description reads: grade and UNS number, form, weight, location, plus photographs and XRF readings. See common nickel alloy scrap grades.
From UNS number explained: how the Unified Numbering System names an alloy
Is gamma prime the same as gamma double prime?
No. Gamma prime is Ni₃(Al,Ti) with a cubic L1₂ ordered structure and is the main strengthening phase in most superalloys. Gamma double prime is Ni₃Nb with a body-centred tetragonal structure and strengthens niobium-rich grades such as Inconel 718 and 706. Gamma double prime precipitates more slowly, which helps weldability, but it is less stable at the highest temperatures.
From Gamma prime (γ′): how it keeps nickel superalloys strong when hot
Why is gamma prime called an ordered phase?
In an ordinary nickel alloy, atoms of different elements are scattered at random on the crystal lattice. In gamma prime each element has its own sites: aluminium or titanium on the cube corners and nickel on the face centres. That fixed pattern is what makes the phase hard to shear, because a dislocation passing through it disturbs the order and leaves a high-energy fault behind.
From Gamma prime (γ′): how it keeps nickel superalloys strong when hot
Is Inconel 625 a gamma prime superalloy?
No. Inconel 625 is strengthened mainly by molybdenum and niobium dissolved in the nickel-chromium matrix, with no significant aluminium or titanium in its nominal composition. It is used in the annealed condition for most corrosion and high-temperature duties. Inconel 718, by contrast, is precipitation-hardened, mainly by gamma double prime, which is why the two grades behave so differently despite similar names.
From Gamma prime (γ′): how it keeps nickel superalloys strong when hot
Does gamma prime make superalloys hard to weld?
Alloys with a lot of gamma prime can crack when welded and then heat-treated, because the phase precipitates quickly and hardens the metal while weld stresses are still present. This is known as strain-age cracking. Niobium-hardened Inconel 718 avoids much of the problem because gamma double prime forms slowly, which is one reason it is so widely used for welded structures.
From Gamma prime (γ′): how it keeps nickel superalloys strong when hot
Can you see gamma prime under a microscope?
Not with an ordinary workshop microscope. Gamma prime particles are usually well under a micrometre across and are revealed by polishing, etching and examination at high magnification, typically with a scanning electron microscope. In single-crystal blade alloys they appear as closely packed cubes separated by thin channels of gamma matrix.
From Gamma prime (γ′): how it keeps nickel superalloys strong when hot
Does gamma prime content affect the value of superalloy scrap?
Not directly. A melter pays for the chemistry, and remelting dissolves the gamma prime structure. What matters is that the gamma prime formers, mainly aluminium, titanium and tantalum, plus the cobalt, tungsten, hafnium and rhenium that come with them, are proved and that each alloy is kept separate so it can return to its own melt.
From Gamma prime (γ′): how it keeps nickel superalloys strong when hot
Which superalloy scrap needs laboratory analysis rather than XRF?
Scrap whose grade depends on light or trace elements: aluminium and titanium in gamma prime alloys, hafnium in cast blade alloys, rhenium in single-crystal blades, and boron, carbon or zirconium variants. Handheld XRF confirms the heavy elements such as nickel, cobalt, tungsten and tantalum, but spark OES or a laboratory is needed for a firm grade call on these alloys.
From Gamma prime (γ′): how it keeps nickel superalloys strong when hot
Why are coated blades kept apart from uncoated revert?
Coatings add elements the base alloy limits. Aluminide and MCrAlY overlays add aluminium, chromium and yttrium, platinum aluminides add platinum, and thermal barriers add zirconia ceramic. Melters either strip coatings before remelting or allow coated revert only in limited proportions, so they need coated material declared and kept separate from clean, uncoated revert.
From Superalloy revert: how cast superalloy scrap returns to the melt
Is foundry revert better than service revert?
For a melter, foundry revert is usually easier to use. It has never been in service, its chemistry traces back to a heat certificate, and its main contaminant is ceramic shell or core, which is removed by blasting and leaching. Service revert has oxidised surfaces, coatings, deposits and sometimes repairs, so it needs more preparation and is more often limited in a charge.
From Superalloy revert: how cast superalloy scrap returns to the melt
Why is rhenium-bearing revert kept separate?
Rhenium is scarce and only certain alloys allow it. Mixed into rhenium-free revert it is wasted and puts the melt outside specification, so the rhenium-bearing alloy is lost and the other alloy is spoiled. Because handheld XRF cannot measure rhenium reliably, single-crystal blades should stay segregated until a laboratory analysis confirms their rhenium content.
From Superalloy revert: how cast superalloy scrap returns to the melt
Can superalloy revert be remelted in an ordinary induction furnace?
Not for closed-loop use. Superalloys contain reactive elements such as aluminium, titanium and hafnium, which oxidise rapidly in air. Vacuum induction melting protects them and removes gases, which is why revert for new castings goes to vacuum melters. Revert melted in air generally ends up in less demanding uses, where its alloying elements are not fully reused.
From Superalloy revert: how cast superalloy scrap returns to the melt
What is a master alloy in superalloy casting?
A master alloy is a vacuum-melted, certified bar of a specific superalloy, made by melting virgin metal and revert to a target chemistry. Investment foundries buy it and remelt it to pour blades, vanes and wheels. Revert that is sold correctly ends up in master alloy bar of the same grade, which is what closed-loop recycling means.
From Superalloy revert: how cast superalloy scrap returns to the melt
How much revert can go into a new heat?
There is no single figure. The share depends on the alloy, the part, the customer's specification and the quality of the revert. Clean foundry revert of known chemistry can make up a larger share than heavily used service revert. Melters set their own limits, and some critical parts restrict which classes of revert are allowed at all.
From Superalloy revert: how cast superalloy scrap returns to the melt
What happens to superalloy grinding swarf and sludge?
Grinding swarf, blasting dust and machining sludge contain superalloy elements but are fine, oxidised and often mixed with abrasive or coolant. They cannot go into a vacuum melt as revert, so they are processed by chemical or pyrometallurgical recovery routes. They are valued well below solid revert and should always be kept apart from it.
From Superalloy revert: how cast superalloy scrap returns to the melt
Can XRF detect lead in nickel alloy scrap?
Handheld XRF can detect lead when it is present at alloy levels, such as in a leaded brass fitting, solder or a babbitt bearing mixed into a lot. It cannot measure lead at the few parts per million that superalloy limits care about. For that, a sample has to go to a laboratory for analysis by GDMS or ICP mass spectrometry.
From Tramp elements in nickel alloys: why traces matter in remelting
What is the difference between a tramp element and an alloying element?
An alloying element is added deliberately and controlled within a specified range, such as molybdenum in Hastelloy C-276 or copper in Monel 400. A tramp element arrives uninvited with the raw materials and cannot easily be removed in melting. The same element can be either, depending on the grade: copper is an alloying element in Monel and a tramp in a superalloy.
From Tramp elements in nickel alloys: why traces matter in remelting
Why is free-machining steel so harmful in nickel alloy scrap?
Free-machining steels and stainless grades contain deliberate additions of sulfur, selenium, lead, bismuth or tellurium to help chips break during machining. Those are among the most harmful tramp elements in nickel alloys. A few kilograms of free-machining chips in a drum of Inconel turnings can carry more of them than a superalloy melt can tolerate.
From Tramp elements in nickel alloys: why traces matter in remelting
Does a mill certificate prove that scrap is free of tramp elements?
No. A mill certificate shows the chemistry of the metal as it was made, and many certificates do not list trace elements at all. It cannot account for what was added to the scrap afterwards: solder, attachments, plating, paint or chips from other materials. Clean handling after the metal leaves service is what keeps a lot free of tramp elements.
From Tramp elements in nickel alloys: why traces matter in remelting
Are tramp elements a problem for stainless steel scrap too?
Yes, though the limits are usually less strict than for superalloys. Copper, tin and other residuals build up in steels made from scrap and can harm hot working and surface quality. Molybdenum from 316 is unwanted in a 304 melt. Stainless melters therefore also prefer clean, single-grade lots and price contamination into their offers.
From Tramp elements in nickel alloys: why traces matter in remelting
Do tramp elements matter for corrosion grades such as 625 and C-276?
Yes, although aerospace superalloys have the tightest limits. Product specifications for corrosion-resistant nickel alloys also cap residuals such as sulfur and phosphorus, and lead or bismuth can cause cracking when the remelted alloy is hot worked into plate, bar or pipe. A melter making Inconel 625 or Hastelloy C-276 from scrap needs clean, single-grade material just as much.
From Tramp elements in nickel alloys: why traces matter in remelting
Should I sell scrap with soldered or brazed joints?
Yes, but declare them. Solder carries tin and often lead, and brazes add filler metals such as silver, copper or nickel-boron alloys that are not part of the base grade. Cutting out the joints before sale keeps the rest of the material clean. If that is not practical, describe the joints so the buyer can send the lot to a melt that can take it.
From Tramp elements in nickel alloys: why traces matter in remelting
Is Hastelloy magnetic?
No. Hastelloy C-276, C-22, B-2 and X are all non-magnetic at room temperature. Their nickel matrix is austenitic and heavily alloyed with molybdenum and chromium. Because 316 stainless is also non-magnetic, a magnet cannot separate Hastelloy from stainless; XRF can, since Hastelloy C-276 shows about 16% molybdenum and some tungsten, against about 2% molybdenum and no tungsten in 316.
From Magnet test for stainless steel and nickel alloys: what it sorts and what it cannot
Is Monel magnetic?
Monel 400 can be weakly magnetic at room temperature, because its magnetic transition sits close to normal temperatures, so its response changes with the weather and from piece to piece. Monel K-500 is non-magnetic at normal temperatures. Neither should be sorted by magnet. XRF spots both by their high copper, and aluminium separates K-500 from 400.
From Magnet test for stainless steel and nickel alloys: what it sorts and what it cannot
Why is my stainless steel scrap slightly magnetic?
Austenitic stainless steels such as 304 and 316 are non-magnetic when annealed, but cold work changes part of their structure. Bends, cut edges, cold-drawn bar, spun parts and machining turnings can all show a slight pull. Test the flat, undisturbed part of the piece. A strong pull everywhere suggests ferritic stainless or duplex instead, which XRF will confirm.
From Magnet test for stainless steel and nickel alloys: what it sorts and what it cannot
Can a magnet tell 304 from 316 stainless?
No. Both are austenitic and non-magnetic when annealed, and both can pick up slight magnetism where cold-worked. The difference between them is about 2% molybdenum in 316, which only an analyser can measure. Handheld XRF separates them in seconds. Keep the two apart once identified, because buyers value 316 above 304 for its molybdenum.
From Magnet test for stainless steel and nickel alloys: what it sorts and what it cannot
Is titanium magnetic?
No. Commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V are non-magnetic. Titanium is easy to pick out by weight instead: at about 4.5 g/cm³ it is a little over half the density of stainless steel or nickel alloys, so an offcut feels light for its size. Keep titanium apart from nickel alloy scrap, because each contaminates the other’s melt.
From Magnet test for stainless steel and nickel alloys: what it sorts and what it cannot
Is duplex stainless steel magnetic?
Yes. Duplex 2205 and the super duplex grades 2507 and S32760 contain roughly half ferrite, which makes them clearly magnetic. That helps pull duplex out of a pile of 304 and 316, but the magnet cannot separate one duplex grade from another. XRF separates them by chromium, molybdenum, copper and tungsten.
From Magnet test for stainless steel and nickel alloys: what it sorts and what it cannot
Is tungsten carbide scrap magnetic?
Usually weakly. Cemented tungsten carbide inserts, rods and dies are held together by a cobalt binder, and cobalt is magnetic, so most carbide shows a faint pull. The stronger tell is weight: carbide is far heavier for its size than steel. Keep carbide separate from nickel alloys, as it is traded on its own terms.
From Magnet test for stainless steel and nickel alloys: what it sorts and what it cannot
What is the difference between a scrap supplier and a scrap buyer?
A scrap supplier sells scrap to you; a scrap buyer purchases scrap from you. Many trading companies do both, buying from generators and supplying melters. If you are sourcing scrap for a furnace or for resale, you are choosing a supplier. If you are selling surplus or production scrap, you are choosing a buyer, which needs different checks.
From How to choose a nickel alloy scrap supplier: a buyer’s checklist and the questions to ask
Should I buy nickel alloy scrap from a generator or a dealer?
It depends on what you need. Generators such as forge or machine shops know exactly what their scrap is, but volume follows their production. Dealers and traders offer more grades and can build lots to size, but you rely on their sorting. Many melters buy steady production scrap direct and use dealers or importers to fill gaps.
From How to choose a nickel alloy scrap supplier: a buyer’s checklist and the questions to ask
Can I ask a supplier for third-party inspection?
Yes, and for a first order or a valuable grade it is common practice. An independent inspector can read a sample of the lot, witness weighing and loading, and seal the container. Agree in advance who appoints and pays the inspector and what the report must cover, and make the inspection result part of the contract terms.
From How to choose a nickel alloy scrap supplier: a buyer’s checklist and the questions to ask
How many readings should a supplier provide for a lot?
Enough to represent the lot, not just the best piece. For solids from one known source, readings on a sample across the lot are usually accepted; for mixed-source solids, every piece that differs in shape, size or source should be read. For turnings, readings should come from several depths in each container. Agree the sampling plan before the lot is offered.
From How to choose a nickel alloy scrap supplier: a buyer’s checklist and the questions to ask
Is a mill certificate enough to prove the grade of scrap?
Not on its own. A mill certificate proves the chemistry of a heat of new material. It supports a scrap description when heat numbers on the scrap match the certificate, but it cannot show that every piece in the lot came from that heat. Combine certificates with readings across the lot.
From How to choose a nickel alloy scrap supplier: a buyer’s checklist and the questions to ask
What payment terms are usual with a new scrap supplier?
Terms vary, but on a first deal buyers often pay part in advance and the balance after inspection or against shipping documents, or use a letter of credit for export lots. Full payment before any inspection puts all the risk on the buyer. Whatever is agreed, link payment to inspection and documents in writing.
From How to choose a nickel alloy scrap supplier: a buyer’s checklist and the questions to ask
Does a nickel alloy scrap supplier need to declare radiation checks?
For cross-border shipments, a radiation-free certificate is normally required, and many melt shops ask for one on domestic lots too. Scrap can contain stray sources or radioactive scale from oilfield service, so ask for the certificate with every shipment and check that it refers to the right lot and container numbers.
From How to choose a nickel alloy scrap supplier: a buyer’s checklist and the questions to ask
What is the difference between ferro alloy and ferro alloy scrap?
Ferro alloy is the prime product, sold to a standard analysis and size range with a producer’s certificate. Ferro alloy scrap is material that falls outside that standard, such as off-grade heats, fines and undersize, or surplus and remnant stock. It contains the same elements but must be described and valued by its own analysis rather than by the standard grade name.
From Ferro alloy scrap: what it is, how its value is set and why recycling it matters
Can ferro alloy fines be used in steelmaking?
Yes, with care. Fines oxidise and are partly lost to fume and slag if thrown loose onto a melt, so steel makers often use them in sealed bags, as briquettes made with a binder, or in induction furnaces. Processors also blend or agglomerate fines into usable additions. Their value is lower than sized lumps of the same analysis.
From Ferro alloy scrap: what it is, how its value is set and why recycling it matters
How is moisture handled when buying ferro alloy scrap?
Buyers usually pay on dry weight, so they measure moisture on a sample and deduct it from the gross weight. Wet material is also a safety hazard, because moisture contacting molten metal can cause a steam explosion. Sellers should store fines covered and dry, and state the moisture level when making an offer.
From Ferro alloy scrap: what it is, how its value is set and why recycling it matters
Is off-grade ferro alloy worth less than standard product?
Usually, but by how much depends on why it is off-grade. A ferro chrome heat that is slightly low in chromium but otherwise clean may suit many melt shops with a recalculated addition. A low-carbon grade that is high in carbon loses the property buyers pay extra for. The analysis decides which users can take it.
From Ferro alloy scrap: what it is, how its value is set and why recycling it matters
Which ferro alloy scrap is worth recovering even as fines?
Scrap of ferro alloys carrying costly elements, such as ferro tungsten, ferro vanadium, ferro niobium and ferro molybdenum, is recycled consistently, because the contained element justifies collecting, analysing and processing even fines. Lower-value bulk alloys are also recycled, but their fines and off-grade are more likely to be reused within the producing plant.
From Ferro alloy scrap: what it is, how its value is set and why recycling it matters
What HS code is used for ferro alloy scrap?
Ferro alloys are classified under HS heading 7202, with sub-headings for each alloy, such as ferro chromium, ferro tungsten and ferro vanadium. Off-grade and fines are generally declared under the heading for the alloy. National tariff lines and rules differ, so confirm the code with your customs broker before shipping.
From Ferro alloy scrap: what it is, how its value is set and why recycling it matters
Why do ferro alloy scrap prices change so often?
Ferro alloy scrap is valued mainly on its contained element, and the market prices of elements such as vanadium, tungsten, niobium and chromium move with steel demand, mine supply and trade policy. Scrap offers follow those reference prices, usually with a lag, and then adjust for each lot’s analysis, size and moisture.
From Ferro alloy scrap: what it is, how its value is set and why recycling it matters
Why is tungsten added to steel?
Tungsten forms hard, stable carbides and keeps steel hard and strong at high temperature, a property known as red hardness. That is why it is used in high-speed steels for cutting tools, in hot-work tool steels for forging and extrusion dies, and in some heat-resistant and hardfacing alloys.
From Uses of ferro tungsten: grades, scrap and how it differs from tungsten carbide
Is ferro tungsten scrap the same as tungsten carbide scrap?
No. Ferro tungsten is an iron-tungsten alloy that goes back into steelmaking. Tungsten carbide is a cemented material of carbide grains and a cobalt or nickel binder, recycled by specialist processors who recover tungsten and cobalt. They should never be mixed in one lot. See tungsten carbide scrap.
From Uses of ferro tungsten: grades, scrap and how it differs from tungsten carbide
What is FeW 80?
FeW 80 is the usual trade name for ferro tungsten with roughly 75–85% tungsten, the band most commercial material falls in. ISO 5450 covers ferro tungsten from 70% to 85% tungsten, and national standards add carbon classes and residual limits to the designation.
From Uses of ferro tungsten: grades, scrap and how it differs from tungsten carbide
What is the HS code for ferro tungsten?
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten fall under HS subheading 7202.80. Pure tungsten and tungsten carbide waste and scrap fall under 8101.97 instead. National tariff lines add further digits, so confirm the exact line with a customs broker before shipping.
From Uses of ferro tungsten: grades, scrap and how it differs from tungsten carbide
Can XRF measure tungsten in ferro tungsten?
Yes. Handheld XRF gives a reliable tungsten reading and shows iron, copper and other metals, which is enough to separate ferro tungsten from pure tungsten, carbide and other ferro alloys. Carbon needs a laboratory combustion analysis, and a fair sample across the lot is needed for a figure the buyer will accept.
From Uses of ferro tungsten: grades, scrap and how it differs from tungsten carbide
Is high-speed steel scrap the same as ferro tungsten scrap?
No. High-speed steel scrap is worn or offcut tool steel containing several per cent tungsten along with chromium, molybdenum and vanadium. It is remelted as alloy steel scrap. Ferro tungsten is a master alloy with 70–85% tungsten, added to steel in small amounts. The two are sorted and sold separately.
From Uses of ferro tungsten: grades, scrap and how it differs from tungsten carbide
Why does ferro tungsten need careful sampling?
Ferro tungsten produced by thermite methods can be segregated, so tungsten content varies within a block, and crushed lots can separate by size during handling. A sample built from many increments across the lot gives a fair figure; a single lump can mislead both buyer and seller.
From Uses of ferro tungsten: grades, scrap and how it differs from tungsten carbide
What is the difference between FeV 80 and FeV 50?
FeV 80 carries around 80% vanadium and is usually made by aluminothermic reduction, so aluminium is its main residual. FeV 50 carries around 50% vanadium and is usually made by silicothermic smelting, so silicon is the residual to watch. They look identical as crushed lumps, and only an analysis confirms which one you have.
From Ferro vanadium scrap: FeV 80 and other grades, uses and how lots are traded
Is FeV 80 better than FeV 50?
Neither is better in itself. FeV 80 carries more vanadium per tonne, which cuts freight and handling for the same vanadium addition, so many plants prefer it. Some mills and foundries are set up for lower grades and buy them on specification. Value follows contained vanadium and how well the lot fits the buyer’s specification.
From Ferro vanadium scrap: FeV 80 and other grades, uses and how lots are traded
Can ferro vanadium scrap be used directly in steelmaking?
Usually yes, if its analysis and size are known. Off-grade ferro vanadium keeps its chemistry, so a steel plant can charge it like fresh alloy once the vanadium, aluminium, silicon and carbon figures are confirmed. Fines may need to be bagged in smaller units or briquetted to avoid losses during charging.
From Ferro vanadium scrap: FeV 80 and other grades, uses and how lots are traded
What is the HS code for ferro vanadium?
Ferro vanadium, including off-grade and remnant material, falls under HS subheading 7202.92. National tariff lines add further digits and can differ by country, so confirm the exact line with a customs broker before shipping.
From Ferro vanadium scrap: FeV 80 and other grades, uses and how lots are traded
How is ferro vanadium different from vanadium pentoxide?
Vanadium pentoxide is an oxide, the usual raw material for making ferro vanadium and also a catalyst in chemical plants. Ferro vanadium is the metallic iron-vanadium alloy made from it by reduction with aluminium or silicon. Steel plants add ferro vanadium; they do not add the oxide directly in normal practice.
From Ferro vanadium scrap: FeV 80 and other grades, uses and how lots are traded
Can handheld XRF tell me the ferro vanadium grade?
Handheld XRF gives a useful vanadium reading and quickly shows whether a lump is ferro vanadium, ferro niobium or another ferro alloy. It cannot measure carbon and is weak on aluminium, so the full grade, including impurity limits, needs a laboratory analysis of a representative sample.
From Ferro vanadium scrap: FeV 80 and other grades, uses and how lots are traded
Is ferro vanadium the same as ferro niobium?
No. Both are used to microalloy high-strength steels and both look like grey, brittle lumps, but ferro vanadium carries vanadium and ferro niobium carries niobium, at 55–70% under ISO 5453. They suit different steel chemistries and are always kept and described separately.
From Ferro vanadium scrap: FeV 80 and other grades, uses and how lots are traded
Which Hastelloy grade is most common in scrap?
Hastelloy C-276 is seen most often, because it is the general-purpose grade specified across chemical plant, pollution control and sour gas service. C-22 appears from many of the same plants in smaller amounts. B-2 is a narrow-use alloy for hydrochloric acid, and Hastelloy X comes from a separate stream of turbine and furnace hardware.
From Hastelloy scrap grades and uses: B-2, C-276, C-22 and X explained
Is Hastelloy C-276 scrap worth more than Inconel 625 scrap?
It often is, because C-276 carries about 16% molybdenum and nearly 4% tungsten against about 9% molybdenum and 3.6% niobium in 625. But the offer for any lot depends on confirmed grade, form, cleanliness, quantity and the market on the day, so a clean, proven lot of 625 can be worth more than a doubtful lot of C-276.
From Hastelloy scrap grades and uses: B-2, C-276, C-22 and X explained
Why is Hastelloy B-2 almost free of chromium?
B-2 is designed for hydrochloric acid and other reducing acids, where molybdenum gives the protection and chromium adds little. Leaving chromium out lets molybdenum go to about 28%. The trade-off is poor resistance once oxidising species are present, which is why B-2 is limited to closely controlled process chemistry.
From Hastelloy scrap grades and uses: B-2, C-276, C-22 and X explained
What is Hastelloy C-276 used for?
C-276 is used where mixed or changing chemistry would defeat other alloys: flue-gas desulfurisation scrubbers and ducts, chlorination and pulp-bleach equipment, pickling and waste-treatment plant, reactors and heat exchangers, and sour gas components. Those same applications are where its scrap comes from when the equipment is relined or replaced.
From Hastelloy scrap grades and uses: B-2, C-276, C-22 and X explained
What does misch metal mean?
Misch metal comes from the German Mischmetall, meaning mixed metal. It describes an alloy of light rare-earth elements, mainly cerium and lanthanum, produced without separating them from each other, which keeps it cheaper than any single separated rare earth.
From What is misch metal? Composition, uses and how misch metal scrap is traded
Why does misch metal spark?
When misch metal or ferrocerium is scraped with a hard edge, tiny particles are torn off. Rare-earth metals react so readily with oxygen that these fresh particles heat up and ignite in air, producing the familiar shower of sparks used in lighters and fire starters.
From What is misch metal? Composition, uses and how misch metal scrap is traded
Is misch metal a rare-earth magnet material?
Not directly. Rare-earth permanent magnets use separated neodymium and praseodymium, not misch metal. In fact, many producers now remove neodymium before making misch metal because it is more useful on its own. Misch metal is used for steel treatment, flints, magnesium alloys and hydrogen storage.
From What is misch metal? Composition, uses and how misch metal scrap is traded
How should misch metal scrap be stored and shipped?
Keep it dry, in sealed and clearly labelled metal containers, with fines and turnings packed separately from solid pieces and away from spark sources. Note the packaging on the lot description, and check any transport rules for reactive metals with your forwarder before dispatch.
From What is misch metal? Composition, uses and how misch metal scrap is traded
What is the HS code for misch metal?
Misch metal is classified with rare-earth metals under HS subheading 2805.30. National tariff lines add further digits and can differ by country, so confirm the exact line with a customs broker before shipping.
From What is misch metal? Composition, uses and how misch metal scrap is traded
Can XRF identify misch metal?
Yes. Handheld XRF shows cerium, lanthanum, neodymium and praseodymium and separates misch metal from aluminium, magnesium and other light grey metals. For the figures a buyer settles on, particularly total rare-earth content and oxidation, a laboratory analysis of a representative sample is normally used.
From What is misch metal? Composition, uses and how misch metal scrap is traded
What is the most widely used nickel alloy?
Inconel 625 and Inconel 718 are among the most widely specified. 625 is the general corrosion-resistant grade for seawater, flue gas, chemical plant and subsea pipe; 718 is the general high-strength grade for jet engine discs, casings and oilfield parts. Hastelloy C-276 plays the equivalent role for aggressive chemical service.
From Nickel alloy grades and applications: a reference by alloy family
What is the difference between a nickel alloy and a superalloy?
A superalloy is a nickel, cobalt or iron-nickel alloy designed to keep high strength close to its melting point, usually through γ′ or γ″ precipitates. All the nickel superalloys here are nickel alloys, but not every nickel alloy is a superalloy: Monel 400, Hastelloy C-276 and Inconel 600 are corrosion or heat-resisting alloys without that precipitation strength.
From Nickel alloy grades and applications: a reference by alloy family
Is Incoloy a nickel alloy?
It is usually grouped with nickel alloys, though Incoloy 825 and 925 carry a large share of iron alongside about 42–44% nickel. Their UNS numbers start with N, and they are made to ASTM B specifications like other nickel alloys. In scrap they are sold as Incoloy and kept apart from Inconel.
From Nickel alloy grades and applications: a reference by alloy family
Which nickel alloy is best for seawater?
There is no single answer, because it depends on the part and the conditions. Monel 400 is long established for seawater valves, pumps and piping, Monel K-500 for high-strength shafts, and Inconel 625 for subsea pipe and critical hardware. Super duplex and 254 SMO are iron-base alternatives often used in the same systems.
From Nickel alloy grades and applications: a reference by alloy family
Which nickel alloys are used in gas turbines?
Wrought alloys such as Inconel 617, 718, Hastelloy X, Haynes 230 and 282, and Nimonic 80A and C-263 are used for combustors, casings, rings and discs. Cast superalloys, including René, MAR-M, GTD, MGA, Inconel 713C and IN-939, are used for blades, vanes and nozzles in the hottest sections.
From Nickel alloy grades and applications: a reference by alloy family
Why are nickel alloys used instead of stainless steel?
Nickel alloys are chosen when stainless steel would corrode, crack or lose strength. They resist chloride stress-corrosion cracking, reducing acids, hydrofluoric acid and hot oxidising gas far better, and superalloys keep their strength at temperatures where stainless steel softens. The trade-off is cost, so they are used where the service demands them.
From Nickel alloy grades and applications: a reference by alloy family
Where can I compare the composition of two nickel alloys?
The alloy comparison tool sets the nominal composition of any two grades side by side and shows which elements separate them on an analyser. The nominal composition tables list the main elements of every grade on the site, grouped by family.
From Nickel alloy grades and applications: a reference by alloy family
Is recycled nickel alloy as good as new alloy?
Yes, when the scrap is correctly identified and melted under control. Nickel alloys do not lose their properties when remelted, so a heat made with qualified revert meets the same specification as one made from virgin metal. Aerospace and other critical users set rules on how much revert can be used and how it is qualified, but properly handled scrap gives material equivalent to new.
From Uses of nickel alloy scrap: where recycled nickel alloys go and why sorting decides it
Can nickel alloy scrap be used to make stainless steel?
Yes. Stainless melt shops use nickel alloy scrap as a source of nickel and, from grades such as Hastelloy C-276 and Inconel 625, molybdenum. The limits are copper, which rules out Monel in most grades, and cobalt in steels for nuclear service. Steel makers usually pay only for the nickel and molybdenum, so other alloying elements bring no extra value on this route.
From Uses of nickel alloy scrap: where recycled nickel alloys go and why sorting decides it
What is the difference between nickel scrap and nickel alloy scrap?
Nickel scrap usually means commercially pure nickel, such as Nickel 200 or cathode offcuts, which is valued almost entirely on its nickel. Nickel alloy scrap contains significant chromium, molybdenum, iron, copper, cobalt or other elements, and its value depends on proving the grade so that a melter can use those elements as well. The two are sorted and sold separately.
From Uses of nickel alloy scrap: where recycled nickel alloys go and why sorting decides it
What is VIM revert?
VIM revert is nickel alloy or superalloy scrap qualified to go back into a vacuum induction melting furnace as part of a new heat. It is usually clean, identified material from the producer’s own operations or from approved customers. Revert must meet chemistry and cleanliness rules, because vacuum melting removes some volatile impurities but cannot correct a wrong alloy or remove most metallic contaminants.
From Uses of nickel alloy scrap: where recycled nickel alloys go and why sorting decides it
Why do coated turbine blades often go to refining instead of remelting?
Turbine blades carry aluminide or overlay coatings and may hold ceramic core residue, oxides and braze. Those layers add aluminium, platinum, yttrium or other elements that a remelter may not accept, and stripping them takes time and chemicals. Where stripping is not economic, refining recovers nickel, cobalt and scarce elements chemically. Uncoated or stripped blades can return to revert melting.
From Uses of nickel alloy scrap: where recycled nickel alloys go and why sorting decides it
Are nickel and cobalt in scrap considered critical minerals in India?
Yes. The list of 30 critical minerals published by India’s Ministry of Mines in 2023 includes nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, niobium, tungsten, tantalum, hafnium and rhenium, all of which occur in nickel alloy and superalloy scrap. Recovering them from scrap reduces the need to import or mine new material, which is one reason grade-wise recycling of these alloys matters.
From Uses of nickel alloy scrap: where recycled nickel alloys go and why sorting decides it
Where can I sell mixed nickel alloy scrap?
Mixed nickel alloy scrap can usually be sold to stainless melt shops, remelters or refiners, but at a lower value than sorted material because only part of its chemistry is paid for. Sorting it first, even into two or three families, often moves part of the lot back into higher-value use. See what decides the value of nickel alloy scrap for how offers are built.
From Uses of nickel alloy scrap: where recycled nickel alloys go and why sorting decides it
Can mixed nickel alloy scrap be sorted after it has been mixed?
Yes, but it costs more than sorting at the source. Solids can be re-read piece by piece with XRF and split by grade. Mixed turnings are much harder: once two grades are in one drum they cannot practically be separated, so the drum is sold for its average chemistry. Sorting at the machine is far cheaper than any later fix.
From Nickel alloy scrap recycling mistakes: 10 to avoid, with the fix for each
Do nickel alloy turnings need to be degreased before sale?
They need to be drained and dry enough that no free oil or water runs out. Many buyers accept turnings in that state and deduct for residual fluid. Washing or spinning helps where volumes are large or the buyer asks for it. Wet, heavily oiled turnings attract larger deductions and may be refused, because moisture in a furnace charge is a safety hazard.
From Nickel alloy scrap recycling mistakes: 10 to avoid, with the fix for each
Is it a mistake to mix Monel with other nickel alloy scrap?
Yes. Monel 400 and K-500 contain about 30 per cent copper, and most Inconel and Hastelloy melts have tight copper limits. A few Monel pieces can put a nickel-chromium lot out of specification. Keep Monel in its own bins, and read any grey, heavy piece from seawater service before it goes into another lot.
From Nickel alloy scrap recycling mistakes: 10 to avoid, with the fix for each
Why does nickel alloy scrap need a radiation check?
Scrap can accidentally contain industrial sources or carry naturally occurring radioactive scale from oil and gas service. Melting radioactive material contaminates the furnace and the product, so ports, importers and melt shops scan incoming scrap and export lots normally carry a radiation-free certificate. Checking before dispatch protects your staff and avoids a refused shipment.
From Nickel alloy scrap recycling mistakes: 10 to avoid, with the fix for each
Which nickel alloy grades are commonly confused in sorting?
Grades that look alike are commonly confused, especially 625 with 718, C-276 with C-22, and 600 with 601. The pairs are hard to tell apart by eye but differ in elements that melters control, such as niobium, iron, tungsten and aluminium. Reading each doubtful piece and keeping one grade per bin prevents it.
From Nickel alloy scrap recycling mistakes: 10 to avoid, with the fix for each
Should coated turbine blades be stripped before sale?
Not necessarily. Many buyers accept coated blades if the coating is declared, and price them accordingly. Stripping uses chemicals or grit blasting and is usually done by specialist processors. The mistake is not leaving the coating on but failing to say it is there. Describe coated and uncoated blades separately, with photographs.
From Nickel alloy scrap recycling mistakes: 10 to avoid, with the fix for each
How should nickel alloy scrap be stored before recycling?
Store it covered, on hard standing, in labelled bins or bags, one grade and one form per container. Keep turnings away from grinding swarf, keep titanium and copper alloys well away from nickel alloys, and keep a log of what went into each bin. Good storage prevents most mixing and contamination mistakes.
From Nickel alloy scrap recycling mistakes: 10 to avoid, with the fix for each
Is 254 SMO the same as SMO 254 or 6Mo?
Yes. 254 SMO, SMO 254, Alloy 254 and F44 (for forgings) all refer to UNS S31254, W.Nr. 1.4547. “6Mo” is a broader label for super-austenitic stainless steels with about 6% molybdenum, which includes 254 SMO and a few other grades with more nickel. In a scrap description, the UNS number removes the doubt.
From 254 SMO scrap: composition, uses, look-alikes and how it is traded
Is 254 SMO scrap magnetic?
No. 254 SMO is fully austenitic and non-magnetic. That makes a magnet useful for pulling out duplex, super duplex and carbon steel from a seawater plant pile, since those are magnetic. It cannot separate 254 SMO from 316L, 904L or nickel alloys, so the grade still needs an analyser reading or matching marks and certificates.
From 254 SMO scrap: composition, uses, look-alikes and how it is traded
Is 254 SMO scrap worth more than 316 scrap?
Generally yes, because it carries about twice the nickel of 316L and roughly three times the molybdenum. That premium is only paid when the grade is proven and the lot is not mixed with 316L or 904L. Without readings or certificates, a buyer may value it as ordinary austenitic stainless.
From 254 SMO scrap: composition, uses, look-alikes and how it is traded
Can 254 SMO and super duplex scrap be sold together?
They should be kept apart. Super duplex 2507 and S32760 carry about 7% nickel against about 18% in 254 SMO, and different melts want them. Because super duplex is magnetic and 254 SMO is not, a magnet makes the first split easy, and an analyser confirms each piece.
From 254 SMO scrap: composition, uses, look-alikes and how it is traded
Does 254 SMO from pulp mills need cleaning?
Usually yes. Bleach-plant equipment can carry chemical deposits and scale, and buyers will want the material cleaned and released by the plant, often with a written declaration that it is free of hazardous residues. Describe the source honestly so the buyer can plan handling.
From 254 SMO scrap: composition, uses, look-alikes and how it is traded
What is the difference between 20Mo-4 and 254 SMO?
20Mo-4 (UNS N08024) is a nickel alloy with about 37.5% nickel, 24% chromium, 4% molybdenum and 1% copper. 254 SMO (UNS S31254) is a stainless steel with about 18% nickel, 20% chromium and 6% molybdenum on an iron base. They serve different corrosive duties and are sold as separate grades.
From 254 SMO scrap: composition, uses, look-alikes and how it is traded
How can I tell carbide from high-speed steel?
By weight first. Cemented carbide is about 14–15 g/cm³, while high-speed steel is around 8 g/cm³, so a carbide tool feels nearly twice as heavy. High-speed steel is also strongly magnetic and carbide only weakly so. XRF confirms it: carbide reads mainly tungsten with cobalt, high-speed steel mainly iron.
From Tungsten carbide scrap: hard and soft scrap types, cobalt binder and recycling routes
Are coated carbide inserts accepted as scrap?
Yes. Most modern inserts carry thin coatings such as titanium nitride or aluminium oxide, and recyclers expect them. Declare that the inserts are coated and keep them as their own type, because coatings can make a difference to which recycling route a lot goes through.
From Tungsten carbide scrap: hard and soft scrap types, cobalt binder and recycling routes
What is soft carbide scrap?
Soft carbide scrap is fine material rather than solid pieces: grinding sludge, powder from carbide production, filter residues and floor sweepings. It contains tungsten and cobalt but is diluted with coolant, abrasive, steel fines and dirt, so it is dried, analysed and usually sent to chemical recovery.
From Tungsten carbide scrap: hard and soft scrap types, cobalt binder and recycling routes
Can I sell brazed carbide tools?
Yes, but describe them separately from solid carbide. Brazed saw tips, boring bars and router bits carry a steel body and braze alloy, which the buyer must remove or process. Where practical, separating the carbide tips raises the value of both the carbide and the steel.
From Tungsten carbide scrap: hard and soft scrap types, cobalt binder and recycling routes
What is the HS code for tungsten carbide scrap?
Tungsten waste and scrap, which includes cemented tungsten carbide scrap, is classified under HS subheading 8101.97. National tariff lines add further digits and can differ by country, so confirm the exact line with a customs broker before shipping.
From Tungsten carbide scrap: hard and soft scrap types, cobalt binder and recycling routes
Is tungsten carbide scrap the same as tungsten scrap?
It is one kind of tungsten scrap, but it contains carbon and a cobalt or nickel binder, so it is recycled differently from pure tungsten or tungsten heavy alloy. Keep carbide, pure tungsten and heavy alloy in separate lots. See pure tungsten scrap for the unalloyed metal.
From Tungsten carbide scrap: hard and soft scrap types, cobalt binder and recycling routes
What are ferro alloys used for?
Ferro alloys are used to add a specific element to steel or cast iron in a controlled amount. Ferro chrome adds chromium for stainless steel, ferro vanadium and ferro niobium strengthen high-strength low-alloy steels and rebar, and ferro tungsten and ferro molybdenum go into tool and high-speed steels. Bulk types such as ferro manganese and ferro silicon are used for deoxidation and basic alloying.
From Types of ferro alloys: what each one is and what it is used for
Is a ferro alloy the same as alloy steel?
No. Alloy steel is a finished engineering material with a few per cent of alloying elements. A ferro alloy is a master alloy carrying a very high content of one element, often more than half its weight, made only to be dissolved into a larger heat of steel. It is brittle and has no structural use of its own.
From Types of ferro alloys: what each one is and what it is used for
Why do steelmakers use ferro alloys instead of pure metals?
Ferro alloys are usually cheaper because the iron from the ore does not have to be removed, and they dissolve into liquid steel more readily than high-melting pure metals such as tungsten or niobium. They also arrive with a certified analysis, so the melt shop can calculate its additions precisely.
From Types of ferro alloys: what each one is and what it is used for
Is ferro niobium a nickel alloy?
No. Ferro niobium is iron and niobium, with standard grades at roughly 55–70% niobium. It contains no nickel. A separate nickel-niobium master alloy is made for superalloy melting, and the two should never be described as the same material. See ferro niobium scrap for grades and uses.
From Types of ferro alloys: what each one is and what it is used for
What is the difference between bulk and noble ferro alloys?
Bulk ferro alloys, such as ferro manganese, ferro silicon and high-carbon ferro chrome, are used in large tonnages in nearly every steel plant. Noble or special ferro alloys, such as ferro tungsten, ferro vanadium, ferro niobium and ferro molybdenum, carry costlier elements, are added in smaller amounts and are traded with closer attention to analysis.
From Types of ferro alloys: what each one is and what it is used for
How is ferro alloy scrap priced per kg?
Ferro alloy scrap is valued mainly on the contained paying element, such as vanadium or tungsten, adjusted for how closely the lot meets a usable specification. Carbon, phosphorus and other impurities, the share of fines, moisture, mixing and quantity all move the offer. No price is given here, because it depends on the analysis and the market on the day.
From Types of ferro alloys: what each one is and what it is used for
Which HS codes apply to ferro alloys?
Ferro alloys fall under HS heading 7202. Ferro chrome is 7202.41 or 7202.49 depending on carbon, ferro molybdenum 7202.70, ferro tungsten 7202.80, ferro vanadium 7202.92 and ferro niobium 7202.93. National tariff lines add further digits, so confirm the line with a customs broker before shipping.
From Types of ferro alloys: what each one is and what it is used for
Is Inconel scrap valuable?
Yes, compared with most metal scrap. Inconel is mostly nickel, often with molybdenum, niobium or cobalt, and those elements are costly to buy new. How much a given lot is worth depends on the confirmed grade, the form, cleanliness, quantity and market at the time. A clean, single-grade lot with readings is valued well above a mixed drum of the same weight.
From What is Inconel scrap? Grades, composition, uses and price drivers
Which Inconel grade is most common in scrap?
Inconel 625 and 718 are seen very often. 625 is widely used for corrosion service in oil and gas, chemical plant and marine work, so it turns up as pipe, plate and turnings. 718 is machined in large volumes for aerospace and oilfield parts, so it turns up mainly as turnings, bar ends and forging offcuts.
From What is Inconel scrap? Grades, composition, uses and price drivers
Is Incoloy 825 a type of Inconel?
No. Incoloy 825 (UNS N08825) is an iron-nickel-chromium alloy with about 42% nickel, 30% iron, 3% molybdenum and 2% copper. It belongs to the Incoloy family and is sold as Incoloy scrap. Putting it in an Inconel lot lowers the nickel content of the lot and adds copper that many Inconel melts do not want.
From What is Inconel scrap? Grades, composition, uses and price drivers
Why is there no UNS number for some Inconel scrap grades?
Several cast superalloys, IN-939 among them, are bought to turbine-maker or aerospace material specifications rather than to a general ASTM product standard, so they are usually identified by trade name, specification and part number. The scrap is still graded by chemistry: readings for chromium, cobalt, titanium and tungsten, plus part records, carry the grade.
From What is Inconel scrap? Grades, composition, uses and price drivers
What is the HS code for Inconel scrap?
Inconel scrap is a nickel alloy, so it is normally classified under HS 7503.00, nickel waste and scrap. Countries add further digits for their own tariff lines, and some classify particular forms differently, so confirm the full code with your customs broker. The paperwork that travels with it is covered in export documents for alloy scrap.
From What is Inconel scrap? Grades, composition, uses and price drivers
Can Inconel scrap be mixed with stainless steel scrap?
It should not be. Stainless steel is iron-base with roughly 8–25% nickel, while Inconel is mostly nickel. Once mixed, the lot can only be valued as the lower material, and sorting it out again means reading every piece. Keep Inconel in its own bins by grade and form from the start.
From What is Inconel scrap? Grades, composition, uses and price drivers
Standards
What standard is Inconel 625 pipe made to?
Seamless Inconel 625 pipe and tube is made to ASTM B444 (ASME SB-444) and welded pipe to ASTM B705. The grade is UNS N06625 in both.
Is ASME SB-443 the same as ASTM B443?
ASME adopts the ASTM specification into the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II Part B. The text is identical or carries additional ASME requirements, so material is often certified to both, as “ASTM B443 / ASME SB-443”.
Does a spec number identify the alloy?
No. The specification number describes the product form and its requirements. The UNS number, such as N06625, identifies the alloy. One alloy appears in many specifications.
Can scrap be certified to an ASTM standard?
No. Standards apply to new products. Scrap is described by the grade it was made to, backed by markings, mill certificates and a PMI record.
What is ASTM B564?
The ASTM specification for nickel alloy forgings. It covers many grades, including 600, 625, 617, 825, C-276, C-22 and 230, so the UNS number on the forging identifies the alloy.
What is the difference between ASTM B444 and B705?
Both cover Inconel 625 and 825 pipe. B444 is seamless 625 pipe and tube, and B705 is welded pipe.
Which ASTM specification covers Hastelloy C-276 plate?
ASTM B575, which also covers C-22 and other low-carbon nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys.
Which ASTM specification covers Monel 400 bar?
ASTM B164, rod, bar and wire in nickel-copper alloy.
What does SB mean in ASME SB-575?
S marks an ASME-adopted specification and B shows it came from the ASTM B (nonferrous) series. SB-575 is the ASME version of ASTM B575.
Is ASME SB material better than ASTM material?
Not in itself. It is the same material with any additional code requirements met, certified for use in ASME-coded equipment.
Which section of the ASME code covers material specifications?
Section II: Part A for ferrous and Part B for nonferrous material.
What is the difference between AMS 5662 and AMS 5663?
Both cover Inconel 718 bar and forgings. AMS 5662 is solution treated; AMS 5663 is solution treated and precipitation hardened (aged).
Which AMS specification covers Inconel 625 sheet?
AMS 5599, which covers sheet, strip and plate.
Which AMS covers Ti-6Al-4V bar?
AMS 4928 covers titanium Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) bars, wire, forgings and rings; AMS 4911 covers sheet, strip and plate.
What is the W.Nr. for Inconel 625?
2.4856, chemical designation NiCr22Mo9Nb.
What is the difference between EN 10204 3.1 and 3.2?
A 3.1 certificate is validated by the manufacturer’s independent inspection representative. A 3.2 is also validated by the purchaser’s representative or an official inspector.
Why do titanium W.Nr. numbers start with 3.7?
Group 3 in the Werkstoff system is light metals, and 3.7 is titanium: Grade 2 is 3.7035 and Grade 5 is 3.7165.
What is ASTM A182 F53?
A super duplex stainless steel forging, UNS S32750, commonly known as 2507.
What is the difference between F51 and F60?
Both are Duplex 2205. F51 is UNS S31803 and F60 is S32205, which has tighter minimums for nitrogen, chromium and molybdenum. Most modern material is dual-certified.
Which ASTM specification covers duplex pipe?
ASTM A790 for seamless and welded pipe, and A928 for electric-fusion-welded pipe with filler metal.
What is ASTM B338?
The ASTM specification for seamless and welded titanium tube for condensers and heat exchangers. It is the most common source of titanium tube scrap from power and desalination plants.
Is Grade 5 titanium covered by ASTM B861?
Yes. B861 (seamless pipe) and B862 (welded pipe) include Grade 5, although most Grade 5 is used as bar, plate and forgings.
What is AMS 4928?
The SAE aerospace specification for Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) bars, wire, forgings and rings.
What is NACE MR0175?
The standard, also published as ISO 15156, for materials used in H₂S-containing environments in oil and gas production. Part 3 covers corrosion-resistant alloys, including nickel alloys.
Is Inconel 718 NACE compliant?
Alloy 718 is listed in NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 Part 3 within set environmental and hardness limits. Oilfield 718 is commonly supplied to API 6A718.
What is API 6ACRA?
An API standard for age-hardened nickel-based alloys used in oil and gas drilling and production equipment, including alloy 925.
What is API RP 578?
API Recommended Practice 578, Guidelines for a Material Verification Program (MVP) for New and Existing Assets. It sets out how operators verify that alloy materials are what they should be, usually by PMI.
Which ASTM standard covers metal sorting?
ASTM E1476, the standard guide for metals identification, grade verification and sorting.
Can XRF measure carbon in nickel alloys?
No. Carbon is too light for XRF. Use spark OES (ASTM E3047) or combustion analysis (ASTM E1019).
Comparisons
Why compare nickel alloy grades?
Because grades that look identical can differ by several points of iron, molybdenum, niobium or chromium, which changes both their value and their melting route.
From Grade comparisons
Can XRF tell these grades apart?
In most pairs, yes. Each comparison lists the XRF-visible elements that separate the two grades, and flags where light elements need OES or a lab.
From Grade comparisons
What is the main difference between Inconel 625 and Inconel 718?
Inconel 625 is a solid-solution nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy (about 9% Mo, under 5% Fe) chosen for corrosion resistance. Inconel 718 is a precipitation-hardened alloy with about 18% iron and 5% niobium, chosen for strength up to about 650 °C (1,200 °F).
Can Inconel 625 and Inconel 718 scrap be mixed?
No. Keep them separate. A melter buying either one needs its chemistry to stay within the grade’s limits, and mixing can mean a re-sort or a different valuation.
What is the main difference between Inconel 600 and Inconel 625?
Inconel 600 is a plain nickel-chromium-iron alloy with about 15.5% chromium and 8% iron. Inconel 625 adds about 9% molybdenum and 3.6% niobium and raises chromium to 21.5%.
Can Inconel 600 and Inconel 625 scrap be mixed?
No. Keep them separate. A melter buying either one needs its chemistry to stay within the grade’s limits, and mixing can mean a re-sort or a different valuation.
What is the main difference between Hastelloy C-22 and Hastelloy C-276?
Hastelloy C-22 has more chromium (about 22%) and less molybdenum (13%) than C-276 (15.5% Cr, 16% Mo), which makes it better in oxidising conditions. C-276 is the more common grade and is better in strongly reducing acids.
Can Hastelloy C-22 and Hastelloy C-276 scrap be mixed?
No. Keep them separate. A melter buying either one needs its chemistry to stay within the grade’s limits, and mixing can mean a re-sort or a different valuation.
What is the main difference between Monel 400 and Monel K-500?
Monel K-500 is Monel 400 with about 2.7% aluminium and 0.6% titanium added, so it can be age-hardened to much higher strength. Their nickel-copper base is almost the same, so a basic XRF struggles to tell them apart; aluminium must be confirmed with a light-element XRF setup or OES.
Can Monel 400 and Monel K-500 scrap be mixed?
No. Keep them separate. A melter buying either one needs its chemistry to stay within the grade’s limits, and mixing can mean a re-sort or a different valuation.
What is the main difference between Duplex 2205 and super duplex 2507?
Super duplex 2507 carries more chromium (25% against 22.5%), molybdenum (4% against 3.1%), nickel (7% against 5.5%) and nitrogen than duplex 2205, giving a PREN above 40 against about 35. Both are magnetic, so XRF is needed to tell them apart.
Can Duplex 2205 and Super duplex 2507 scrap be mixed?
No. Keep them separate. A melter buying either one needs its chemistry to stay within the grade’s limits, and mixing can mean a re-sort or a different valuation.
What is the main difference between Inconel and Hastelloy?
Inconel alloys are mostly nickel-chromium, built for oxidation resistance and strength at temperature. Hastelloy corrosion alloys are nickel-molybdenum or nickel-chromium-molybdenum, built for the harshest acids and chlorides.
From Inconel vs Hastelloy
What is the main difference between Inconel and Incoloy?
Inconel alloys are nickel-base, typically 50–76% nickel. Incoloy alloys are iron-nickel-chromium, with about 30–45% nickel and a large share of iron.
From Inconel vs Incoloy
What is the main difference between Titanium and nickel alloy?
Titanium is a light metal (about 4.5 g/cm³) with a hexagonal crystal structure. Nickel alloys are about twice as dense (about 8–9 g/cm³) and face-centred cubic.
What is the main difference between Inconel 625 and Hastelloy C-276?
Inconel 625 carries about 21.5% chromium, 9% molybdenum and 3.6% niobium. Hastelloy C-276 carries about 16% molybdenum, 15.5% chromium and 3.75% tungsten, with no niobium.
Can Inconel 625 and Hastelloy C-276 scrap be mixed?
No. Keep them separate. A melter buying either one needs its chemistry to stay within the grade’s limits, and mixing can mean a re-sort or a different valuation.
What is the main difference between Inconel 600 and Inconel 601?
Inconel 600 is about 15.5% chromium and 8% iron. Inconel 601 has about 23% chromium, 14% iron and 1.4% aluminium for oxidation resistance at furnace temperatures.
Can Inconel 600 and Inconel 601 scrap be mixed?
No. Keep them separate. A melter buying either one needs its chemistry to stay within the grade’s limits, and mixing can mean a re-sort or a different valuation.
What is the main difference between Inconel 600 and Inconel 690?
Inconel 690 has about 29% chromium against about 15.5% in Inconel 600. Iron is similar, around 8–9%, and neither carries molybdenum or niobium.
Can Inconel 600 and Inconel 690 scrap be mixed?
No. Keep them separate. A melter buying either one needs its chemistry to stay within the grade’s limits, and mixing can mean a re-sort or a different valuation.
What is the main difference between Incoloy 825 and Inconel 625?
Incoloy 825 is an iron-nickel-chromium alloy with about 42% nickel, 30% iron, 3% molybdenum and 2% copper. Inconel 625 is nickel-base with about 62% nickel, 9% molybdenum and 3.6% niobium.
Can Incoloy 825 and Inconel 625 scrap be mixed?
No. Keep them separate. A melter buying either one needs its chemistry to stay within the grade’s limits, and mixing can mean a re-sort or a different valuation.
What is the main difference between Hastelloy X and Haynes 230?
Hastelloy X has about 22% chromium, 18.5% iron and 9% molybdenum. Haynes 230 has about 22% chromium and 14% tungsten with very little iron.
Can Hastelloy X and Haynes 230 scrap be mixed?
No. Keep them separate. A melter buying either one needs its chemistry to stay within the grade’s limits, and mixing can mean a re-sort or a different valuation.
What is the main difference between Hastelloy B-2 and C-276?
Hastelloy B-2 is nickel with about 28% molybdenum and almost no chromium. Hastelloy C-276 has about 16% molybdenum and 15.5% chromium, plus tungsten.
Can Hastelloy B-2 and Hastelloy C-276 scrap be mixed?
No. Keep them separate. A melter buying either one needs its chemistry to stay within the grade’s limits, and mixing can mean a re-sort or a different valuation.
What is the main difference between Super Duplex 2507 and S32760?
Both are super duplex stainless steels with about 25% chromium and 7% nickel. S32760 adds about 0.75% copper and 0.75% tungsten; 2507 (S32750) has neither and slightly more molybdenum.
Can Super duplex 2507 and Super duplex S32760 scrap be mixed?
No. Keep them separate. A melter buying either one needs its chemistry to stay within the grade’s limits, and mixing can mean a re-sort or a different valuation.
What is the main difference between Titanium Grade 2 and Grade 5?
Titanium Grade 2 is commercially pure titanium. Grade 5 is Ti-6Al-4V, with about 6% aluminium and 4% vanadium.
Can Titanium Grade 2 and Titanium Grade 5 scrap be mixed?
No. Keep them separate. A melter buying either one needs its chemistry to stay within the grade’s limits, and mixing can mean a re-sort or a different valuation.
What is the main difference between Nimonic 75 and Nimonic 80A?
Both are nickel with about 20% chromium. Nimonic 80A adds about 2.25% titanium and 1.4% aluminium for age hardening; Nimonic 75 has only about 0.4% titanium.
Can Nimonic 75 and Nimonic 80A scrap be mixed?
No. Keep them separate. A melter buying either one needs its chemistry to stay within the grade’s limits, and mixing can mean a re-sort or a different valuation.
What is the main difference between Inconel 718 and Inconel 706?
Inconel 718 has about 18.5% iron, 19% chromium, 5% niobium and 3% molybdenum. Inconel 706 has about 37.5% iron, 16% chromium, 2.9% niobium and no molybdenum.
Can Inconel 718 and Inconel 706 scrap be mixed?
No. Keep them separate. A melter buying either one needs its chemistry to stay within the grade’s limits, and mixing can mean a re-sort or a different valuation.
What is the main difference between Incoloy 825 and Incoloy 925?
Incoloy 925 is the age-hardenable version of 825. Both carry about 42–44% nickel, 21% chromium, 3% molybdenum and 2% copper on an iron base, but 925 adds about 2.1% titanium.
Can Incoloy 825 and Incoloy 925 scrap be mixed?
No. Keep them separate. A melter buying either one needs its chemistry to stay within the grade’s limits, and mixing can mean a re-sort or a different valuation.
What is the main difference between Titanium Grade 2 and Grade 7?
Titanium Grade 7 is Grade 2 with about 0.15% palladium added for resistance to reducing acids. Palladium is visible on XRF and is the only practical way to separate them.
Can Titanium Grade 2 and Titanium Grade 7 scrap be mixed?
No. Keep them separate. A melter buying either one needs its chemistry to stay within the grade’s limits, and mixing can mean a re-sort or a different valuation.
Markets and Export
Which nickel alloys come from Saudi oil and gas plants?
Mainly Inconel 625 and Incoloy 825, often as clad or lined pipe, plus Hastelloy C-276 from sour gas and chemical service and Monel 400 from some refinery units. Super duplex is also common in seawater and produced water systems.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Saudi Arabia
Why does Saudi Arabia produce super duplex and titanium scrap?
Seawater desalination plants use super duplex, 254 SMO and titanium because they resist chloride corrosion. When pumps, piping, evaporators and heat exchanger tubes are replaced, that material becomes scrap, usually in clean, single-grade lots that are straightforward to identify.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Saudi Arabia
What does NACE MR0175 mean on Saudi material?
NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 sets requirements for materials used in sour service, where hydrogen sulphide is present. Much oil and gas material in the Gulf is supplied to it. For scrap, the certificate helps confirm the original grade, but the material is still traded on its chemistry.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Saudi Arabia
What documents are needed to ship alloy scrap from Saudi Arabia?
A commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, certificate of origin and radiation-free certificate are standard, with an analysis or PMI report as agreed between buyer and seller. Export requirements can change, so confirm current rules with your freight forwarder before shipment.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Saudi Arabia
How do I offer Saudi alloy scrap to Mipra Steel?
Send us the grade, form, quantity and location of the material, with any mill certificates, analysis or photos you have. We review incoming enquiries and respond with relevant next steps.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Saudi Arabia
How are offers for Saudi Arabia usually priced?
On an agreed Incoterm, most often FOB at the port of loading or CIF to the destination port, in US dollars per tonne or as a percentage of the nickel price for nickel alloys. The offer states the date, grade, form, condition, unit and basis.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Saudi Arabia
Why is the UAE a trading hub for alloy scrap?
Jebel Ali port and its free zone in Dubai handle a large share of the region’s re-export trade, and scrap from across the Gulf is often consolidated there before shipment to melters and processors. Traders can combine smaller regional lots into full container loads.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in the UAE
Which grades come from UAE oil and gas?
Inconel 625 and Incoloy 825, often as clad pipe, along with duplex and super duplex from offshore and produced water systems and Hastelloy C-276 from sour gas and chemical service. Turbine overhauls at gas-fired power plants add superalloy blades and vanes.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in the UAE
Does the UAE produce aerospace alloy scrap?
Engine maintenance linked to the country’s airlines can release Inconel 718 and other nickel superalloy parts. Aerospace scrap is usually mutilated before release and should be kept separate by alloy, with coated and uncoated parts in different lots.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in the UAE
Is a certificate of origin needed for re-exported scrap?
Buyers and customs authorities generally expect a certificate of origin, and for material consolidated in the UAE the origin may be another country. Confirm how origin will be stated with the buyer and your freight forwarder before shipment.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in the UAE
How do I offer UAE alloy scrap to Mipra Steel?
Send us the grade, form, quantity and location of the material, with any mill certificates, analysis or photos you have. We review incoming enquiries and respond with relevant next steps.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in the UAE
How are offers for UAE usually priced?
On an agreed Incoterm, most often FOB at the port of loading or CIF to the destination port, in US dollars per tonne or as a percentage of the nickel price for nickel alloys. The offer states the date, grade, form, condition, unit and basis.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in the UAE
What kind of scrap comes from Italian valve and forging shops?
Mainly machining scrap: bar ends, forging offcuts, rejected parts and turnings in Inconel 625, Inconel 718, duplex and super duplex. Because it comes from known production, it is usually well identified and kept separate by grade, which buyers value.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Italy
Which EU rules apply to exporting scrap from Italy?
Shipments of waste, including metal scrap, leaving the EU follow the EU Waste Shipment Regulation. Green-listed waste such as clean metal scrap normally moves with Annex VII documents. The revised regulation tightens rules on exports of non-hazardous waste to non-OECD countries from May 2027.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Italy
What certificates come with Italian material?
Material made in Italy usually carries EN 10204 inspection certificates, typically type 3.1, and grades may be described by W.Nr. numbers alongside ASTM and ASME designations. Keeping these certificates with the scrap helps buyers identify the original alloy.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Italy
Does Italian aerospace manufacturing produce alloy scrap?
Yes. Aerospace component and engine part manufacturing releases titanium and nickel superalloy machining scrap, such as Ti-6Al-4V and Inconel 718 turnings and offcuts. This material needs strict segregation by grade and careful control of contamination from other metals.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Italy
How do I offer Italian alloy scrap to Mipra Steel?
Send us the grade, form, quantity and location of the material, with any mill certificates, analysis or photos you have. We review incoming enquiries and respond with relevant next steps.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Italy
How are offers for Italy usually priced?
On an agreed Incoterm, most often FOB at the port of loading or CIF to the destination port, in US dollars per tonne or as a percentage of the nickel price for nickel alloys. The offer states the date, grade, form, condition, unit and basis.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Italy
Why is Rotterdam important for alloy scrap?
Rotterdam combines a large refining and petrochemical cluster with one of Europe’s main container ports. It generates scrap from plant maintenance and also handles scrap shipped from other parts of Europe, which makes it a common loading point for export lots.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Netherlands
Which grades come from Dutch chemical plants?
Hastelloy C-276 and C-22, Incoloy 825, Inconel 600 and 625, and Monel 400 are typical, along with duplex stainless. The mix depends on the process, since acids, chlorides and high-temperature service each call for different alloys.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Netherlands
Does North Sea decommissioning produce nickel alloy scrap?
Yes. Offshore platforms and pipelines use duplex, super duplex and Inconel 625 clad or lined pipe. When installations are removed, this material is recovered onshore. Clad pipe should be declared separately because its nickel alloy layer is bonded to carbon steel.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Netherlands
Which EU rules apply to exporting scrap from the Netherlands?
Waste shipments leaving the EU follow the EU Waste Shipment Regulation. Green-listed waste such as clean metal scrap normally moves with Annex VII documents. The revised regulation tightens rules on exports of non-hazardous waste to non-OECD countries from May 2027, so check the destination before contracting.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Netherlands
How do I offer Dutch alloy scrap to Mipra Steel?
Send us the grade, form, quantity and location of the material, with any mill certificates, analysis or photos you have. We review incoming enquiries and respond with relevant next steps.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Netherlands
How are offers for Netherlands usually priced?
On an agreed Incoterm, most often FOB at the port of loading or CIF to the destination port, in US dollars per tonne or as a percentage of the nickel price for nickel alloys. The offer states the date, grade, form, condition, unit and basis.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Netherlands
Which Spanish industries generate nickel alloy scrap?
Refining and petrochemicals, aerospace manufacturing and power generation are the main sources, with chemical plants and desalination adding further material. Each produces a different mix, from corrosion-resistant alloys in refineries to superalloys and titanium in aerospace and power.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Spain
What titanium scrap comes from Spanish aerospace?
Mainly Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) machining scrap such as turnings, offcuts and solids from structural parts, plus some commercially pure titanium. Turnings should be clean, dry and kept apart from other metals, since contamination limits for titanium are strict.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Spain
Which EU rules apply to exporting scrap from Spain?
Waste shipments leaving the EU follow the EU Waste Shipment Regulation. Green-listed waste such as clean metal scrap normally moves with Annex VII documents. The revised regulation tightens rules on exports of non-hazardous waste to non-OECD countries from May 2027, so check the destination before contracting.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Spain
What certificates come with Spanish material?
Material produced or supplied in Spain usually carries EN 10204 inspection certificates, typically type 3.1, with grades described by ASTM or ASME designations and W.Nr. numbers. Keeping these certificates with the scrap helps buyers confirm the original alloy.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Spain
How do I offer Spanish alloy scrap to Mipra Steel?
Send us the grade, form, quantity and location of the material, with any mill certificates, analysis or photos you have. We review incoming enquiries and respond with relevant next steps.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Spain
How are offers for Spain usually priced?
On an agreed Incoterm, most often FOB at the port of loading or CIF to the destination port, in US dollars per tonne or as a percentage of the nickel price for nickel alloys. The offer states the date, grade, form, condition, unit and basis.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Spain
Which superalloy scrap comes from Japanese power equipment?
Gas turbine manufacturing and overhauls release blades, vanes, combustion liners and transition pieces in nickel-based superalloys and Hastelloy X. Coated and uncoated parts should be kept separate, and the alloy identified from drawings, certificates or analysis where possible.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Japan
What is JIS?
Japanese Industrial Standards, the national standards for materials and products in Japan. Nickel alloys made in Japan may carry JIS designations, such as NCF 600 for alloy 600, alongside or instead of ASTM ones, so a cross-reference helps buyers outside Japan identify the grade.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Japan
Does Japanese shipbuilding produce nickel alloy scrap?
Shipbuilding and marine engineering use Monel 400, duplex stainless and titanium in seawater pumps, valves, piping and heat exchangers. These grades are released as offcuts during construction and as used parts during repair, and are usually easy to identify.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Japan
What documents are needed to ship alloy scrap from Japan?
A commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, certificate of origin and radiation-free certificate are standard, with an analysis or PMI report as agreed between buyer and seller. Confirm current export requirements with your freight forwarder before shipment.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Japan
How do I offer Japanese alloy scrap to Mipra Steel?
Send us the grade, form, quantity and location of the material, with any mill certificates, analysis or photos you have. We review incoming enquiries and respond with relevant next steps.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Japan
How are offers for Japan usually priced?
On an agreed Incoterm, most often FOB at the port of loading or CIF to the destination port, in US dollars per tonne or as a percentage of the nickel price for nickel alloys. The offer states the date, grade, form, condition, unit and basis.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Japan
Which nickel alloys come from Korean shipyards?
Offshore topsides and process systems release Inconel 625 clad or solid pipe, duplex and super duplex piping, and some Incoloy 825. Shipyard scrap is mostly offcuts, pipe ends and surplus material, which is usually clean and traceable.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in South Korea
What are KS standards?
Korean Industrial Standards (KS) are the national standards for materials and products in South Korea. Material for shipbuilding, offshore and petrochemical projects is also commonly supplied to ASTM and ASME specifications, so certificates often show both systems.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in South Korea
Which grades come from Ulsan and Yeosu?
The petrochemical complexes and refineries there use Hastelloy C-276, Incoloy 825, Inconel 600 and 625, Monel 400 and duplex stainless in corrosive and high-temperature service. Turnarounds and revamps release this material in mixed lots that should be sorted by grade.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in South Korea
What documents are needed to ship alloy scrap from South Korea?
A commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, certificate of origin and radiation-free certificate are standard, with an analysis or PMI report as agreed between buyer and seller. Confirm current export requirements with your freight forwarder before shipment.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in South Korea
How do I offer Korean alloy scrap to Mipra Steel?
Send us the grade, form, quantity and location of the material, with any mill certificates, analysis or photos you have. We review incoming enquiries and respond with relevant next steps.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in South Korea
How are offers for South Korea usually priced?
On an agreed Incoterm, most often FOB at the port of loading or CIF to the destination port, in US dollars per tonne or as a percentage of the nickel price for nickel alloys. The offer states the date, grade, form, condition, unit and basis.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in South Korea
Which alloys come from Australian LNG plants?
Mainly Inconel 625 and Incoloy 825, often as clad or lined pipe, duplex and super duplex, and some Hastelloy in gas treatment. Clad pipe should be declared separately from solid alloy because its nickel alloy layer is bonded to carbon steel.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Australia
Why does Australian mineral processing produce alloy scrap?
Acid leach and other hydrometallurgical plants handle hot acids and abrasive slurries, so they use Hastelloy, titanium and duplex in vessels, piping and pumps. Replacing worn or corroded equipment releases these alloys as scrap.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Australia
Why is consolidation important for Australian scrap?
Many generating sites are remote and far from overseas melters, so freight is a significant part of the cost. Building lots up into full container loads, kept separate by grade and with clear paperwork, makes material easier to ship and to sell.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Australia
What documents are needed to ship alloy scrap from Australia?
A commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, certificate of origin and radiation-free certificate are standard, with an analysis or PMI report as agreed. Containers also need a verified gross mass (VGM) declaration before loading. Confirm current requirements with your freight forwarder.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Australia
How do I offer Australian alloy scrap to Mipra Steel?
Send us the grade, form, quantity and location of the material, with any mill certificates, analysis or photos you have. We review incoming enquiries and respond with relevant next steps.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Australia
How are offers for Australia usually priced?
On an agreed Incoterm, most often FOB at the port of loading or CIF to the destination port, in US dollars per tonne or as a percentage of the nickel price for nickel alloys. The offer states the date, grade, form, condition, unit and basis.
From Nickel alloy scrap importers, buyers and dealers in Australia
Tools and Resources
What is the UNS number for Inconel 625?
N06625.
What is Monel 500?
Trade shorthand for Monel K-500, UNS N05500.
How accurate is the weight calculator?
It gives the theoretical weight from nominal density and nominal dimensions. Real weights differ with tolerances, scale and coatings; the weighbridge weight governs every transaction.
Why do some grades not appear in the calculator?
We only list grades whose nominal density we can support from published sources. See the grade chart.
Where do the compositions come from?
Nominal values from producer datasheets, product specifications and published literature, listed on each grade page. They are for identification, not specification limits.
What units does the converter cover?
Millimetres and inches, kilograms and pounds, tonnes and pounds, Celsius and Fahrenheit, megapascals and ksi, and bar and psi.
From Unit converter
What is F53?
F53 is the ASTM A182 forging designation for super duplex 2507, UNS S32750. F55 is the forging designation for S32760.
From Grade name converter
What does the 2.4 at the start of a W.Nr. mean?
Material numbers starting with 2 are heavy non-ferrous metals, and 2.4 is the nickel alloy group. Steels start with 1 (stainless with 1.4) and light metals such as titanium with 3.
From Grade name converter
Why should a lot description use the UNS number?
Trade names vary between producers and countries, and some are misused, such as “Inconel 825” for Incoloy 825. The UNS number identifies the chemistry without ambiguity. See how UNS numbers work.
From Grade name converter
What is contained metal?
The weight of each element inside a lot, worked out from the lot’s weight and its composition. One tonne of Inconel 625 at nominal composition contains about 619 kg of nickel and 90 kg of molybdenum.
Does contained metal equal the price of scrap?
No. Offers start from contained nickel and payable elements, then move with grade certainty, form, cleanliness, documentation and lot size. See what decides scrap value.
Which elements are payable?
In nickel alloy scrap the elements buyers usually credit are nickel, molybdenum, cobalt, niobium, tungsten, tantalum and rhenium. Chromium and iron are normally not paid for separately.
Why does the calculator use nominal composition?
Because actual chemistry varies within each grade’s specification range. For a firm figure, use the lot’s own analysis.
Can I calculate a mixed lot?
Yes. Add a line for each grade with its weight and the calculator totals the contained metal across the lot.
Working with Mipra Steel
What does Mipra Steel do?
Mipra Steel buys and supplies high-nickel alloy scrap, described by grade: Inconel, Incoloy, Hastelloy, Monel, Nimonic, Haynes and cast superalloys, plus titanium, tungsten carbide and duplex stainless scrap.
From About Mipra Steel
How long has Mipra Steel been in business?
Mipra Steel was established in 2011 in Mumbai. It is a proprietorship run by Mitesh Shah from Khetwadi, trading metal products. This site covers its nickel alloy, superalloy and ferro alloy scrap business, where each lot is described by grade with the evidence behind that grade.
From About Mipra Steel
Where is Mipra Steel located?
Shop No. A1/B, Ground Floor, Mahavir Darshan Building, 26 Khambatta Lane, opp. 8th Khetwadi Back Road, Khetwadi, Girgaon, Mumbai 400004, Maharashtra, India.
From About Mipra Steel
Does Mipra Steel buy as well as sell scrap?
Yes. We buy from plants, fabricators, machine shops and overhaul facilities, and we supply single-grade lots to melters, foundries and traders.
From About Mipra Steel
Which countries does Mipra Steel work with?
Mipra Steel is based in Mumbai, India, and handles import and export enquiries. Tell us the origin and destination of the material when you enquire. Our market guides cover India, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Europe, North America and Australia.
From About Mipra Steel
How do I contact Mipra Steel?
Call +91 88022 22222, email info@miprasteel.com, or send the enquiry form on the contact page with the grade, form, quantity and location of the material.
From About Mipra Steel
What do you need to make an offer on my scrap?
The grade or what you believe it is, the form, the approximate weight, where the material is, and photographs. XRF readings, a PMI report or mill certificates make the offer firmer.
From Sell your scrap
Can I sell scrap if I do not know the grade?
Yes. Choose “Not sure”, describe where the material came from and send photographs. If you have XRF readings, the grade identifier gives a first indication.
From Sell your scrap
What happens after I submit the form?
The details and photographs come to our desk by email. We review the grade, form and evidence supplied and respond with relevant next steps.
From Sell your scrap
Do you buy small quantities?
Tell us what you have. Small lots of high-value grades, such as rhenium-bearing revert, can still be worth handling.
From Sell your scrap
Is my information shared with anyone?
No. It is used only to reply to your enquiry.
From Sell your scrap
Question Not Answered Here?
Ask the desk directly. We review incoming enquiries and respond with relevant next steps.