LC (low-carbon) ferro chrome is an iron-chromium alloy with roughly 60–70% chromium and carbon held to about 0.1% or less.
Nitrided ferro chrome is low-carbon ferro chrome that has been treated to absorb nitrogen, so one addition supplies both chromium and nitrogen to steel.
Ferro tungsten is an iron-tungsten alloy, commonly with about 75–85% tungsten, used to add tungsten to tool steels, high-speed steels and heat-resistant alloys.
Ferro niobium is an iron-niobium alloy, with standard grades at roughly 60–70% niobium, used mainly to microalloy high-strength low-alloy steels and to stabilise some stainless steels.
Ferro vanadium is an iron-vanadium alloy made in several grades, commonly around 40%, 50%, 60% or 80% vanadium.
Pure molybdenum scrap is recovered unalloyed molybdenum metal, commonly 99.9% molybdenum or higher, from furnace parts, sheet, rod, wire and machining.
Pure tungsten scrap is recovered unalloyed tungsten metal, commonly 99.95% tungsten, from furnace parts, electrodes, wire, sheet, rod and machining.
Cobalt metal scrap is unalloyed cobalt, commonly from cathode, briquette or powder grades of 99.3% to 99.8% cobalt, that has become surplus, off-specification or damaged.
Misch metal is a mixed rare-earth alloy, typically about 50% cerium and 25% lanthanum, with neodymium and praseodymium making up most of the rest.
Selenium metallicum is elemental selenium, traded in grades such as 99.5% and 99.9% purity as powder, granules, shot or lumps.
Tungsten carbide scrap is used cemented carbide: inserts, end mills, drills, rods, dies and wear parts made of tungsten carbide grains bonded with cobalt, typically 6–12% cobalt.
Alloys & grades
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Checklist
Use this list when proving a lot by XRF or OES. It follows the practice described in PMI for scrap lots. Tick items as you go; ticks are not saved.
| Field | Example |
|---|---|
| Piece or sample ID | L24-017 |
| Form | Pipe offcut, 168 mm OD |
| Declared grade | Inconel 625 |
| Grade call | Inconel 625 |
| Key readings | Ni 61.2, Cr 21.8, Mo 8.9, Nb 3.5, Fe 3.9 |
| Result | Accept |
Example values for illustration only.